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Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated exceptional performance in artificial intelligence by facilitating integrated understanding across diverse modalities, including text, images, video, audio, and speech. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Chengze Jiang , Zhuangzhuang Wang , Minjing Dong , Jie Gui

Wearable devices continuously collect sensor data and use it to infer an individual's behavior, such as sleep, physical activity, and emotions. Despite the significant interest and advancements in this field, modeling multimodal sensor data…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-15 Janosch Jungo , Yutong Xiang , Shkurta Gashi , Christian Holz

Multimodal learning has gained increasing importance across various fields, offering the ability to integrate data from diverse sources such as images, text, and personalized records, which are frequently observed in medical domains.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Sukwon Yun , Inyoung Choi , Jie Peng , Yangfan Wu , Jingxuan Bao , Qiyiwen Zhang , Jiayi Xin , Qi Long , Tianlong Chen

In this paper, we propose SimMLM, a simple yet powerful framework for multimodal learning with missing modalities. Unlike existing approaches that rely on sophisticated network architectures or complex data imputation techniques, SimMLM…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Sijie Li , Chen Chen , Jungong Han

Multi-modal learning combines various modalities to provide a comprehensive understanding of real-world problems. A common strategy is to directly bind different modalities together in a specific joint embedding space. However, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Zhuo Huang , Runnan Chen , Bo Han , Gang Niu , Masashi Sugiyama , Tongliang Liu

Recently, vision transformer based multimodal learning methods have been proposed to improve the robustness of face anti-spoofing (FAS) systems. However, multimodal face data collected from the real world is often imperfect due to missing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-27 Zitong Yu , Rizhao Cai , Yawen Cui , Ajian Liu , Changsheng Chen

The versatility of self-attention mechanism earned transformers great success in almost all data modalities, with limitations on the quadratic complexity and difficulty of training. To apply transformers across different data modalities,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Viet Anh Nguyen , Minh Lenhat , Khoa Nguyen , Duong Duc Hieu , Dao Huu Hung , Truong Son Hy

Remote sensing provides satellite data in diverse types and formats. The usage of multimodal learning networks exploits this diversity to improve model performance, except that the complexity of such networks comes at the expense of their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Hiba Najjar , Bushra Alshbib , Andreas Dengel

Multi-modal learning has made significant advances across diverse pattern recognition applications. However, handling missing modalities, especially under imbalanced missing rates, remains a major challenge. This imbalance triggers a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Binyu Zhao , Wei Zhang , Zhaonian Zou

A machine learning model that generalizes well should obtain low errors on unseen test examples. Thus, if we learn an optimal model in training data, it could have better generalization performance in testing tasks. However, learning such a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-22 Penghao Jiang , Xin Ke , ZiFeng Wang , Chunxi Li

The modern digital world is increasingly becoming multimodal. Although multimodal learning has recently revolutionized the state-of-the-art performance in multimodal tasks, relatively little is known about the robustness of multimodal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-30 Nishant Vishwamitra , Hongxin Hu , Ziming Zhao , Long Cheng , Feng Luo

Multimodal sentiment analysis has been studied under the assumption that all modalities are available. However, such a strong assumption does not always hold in practice, and most of multimodal fusion models may fail when partial modalities…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-02 Jiandian Zeng , Tianyi Liu , Jiantao Zhou

Next-generation wireless networks are expected to leverage multi-modal data sources to execute various wireless communication tasks such as beamforming and blockage prediction with situational-awareness. To do so, multi-modal transformers…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-22 Minsu Kim , Walid Saad , Kui Wang , Zongdian Li , Tao Yu , Kei Sakaguchi

Multi-modal learning has shown exceptional performance in various tasks, especially in medical applications, where it integrates diverse medical information for comprehensive diagnostic evidence. However, there still are several challenges…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Lin Fan , Yafei Ou , Cenyang Zheng , Pengyu Dai , Tamotsu Kamishima , Masayuki Ikebe , Kenji Suzuki , Xun Gong

Many healthcare applications are inherently multimodal, involving several physiological signals. As sensors for these signals become more common, improving machine learning methods for multimodal healthcare data is crucial. Pretraining…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Ching Fang , Christopher Sandino , Behrooz Mahasseni , Juri Minxha , Hadi Pouransari , Erdrin Azemi , Ali Moin , Ellen Zippi

We aim to develop a fundamental understanding of modality collapse, a recently observed empirical phenomenon wherein models trained for multimodal fusion tend to rely only on a subset of the modalities, ignoring the rest. We show that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Abhra Chaudhuri , Anjan Dutta , Tu Bui , Serban Georgescu

Multi-modal fusion of sensors is a commonly used approach to enhance the performance of odometry estimation, which is also a fundamental module for mobile robots. However, the question of \textit{how to perform fusion among different…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Leyuan Sun , Guanqun Ding , Yue Qiu , Yusuke Yoshiyasu , Fumio Kanehiro

Recent unified multi-modal encoders align a wide range of modalities into a shared representation space, enabling diverse cross-modal tasks. Despite their impressive capabilities, the robustness of these models under adversarial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Chih-Ting Liao , Zhangquan Chen , Chunlei Meng , Tzu-Yu Huang , Xin Cao , Xu Zheng

In many machine learning systems that jointly learn from multiple modalities, a core research question is to understand the nature of multimodal interactions: how modalities combine to provide new task-relevant information that was not…

Multimodal representation learning is fundamentally about transforming incomparable modalities into comparable representations. While prior research primarily focused on explicitly aligning these representations through targeted learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Megan Tjandrasuwita , Chanakya Ekbote , Liu Ziyin , Paul Pu Liang