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EM algorithm is a convenient tool for maximum likelihood model fitting when the data are incomplete or when there are latent variables or hidden states. In this review article we explain that EM algorithm is a natural computational scheme…

Methodology · Statistics 2011-04-13 Zhangzhang Si , Haifeng Gong , Song-Chun Zhu , Ying Nian Wu

Effective motion representation is crucial for enabling robots to imitate expressive behaviors in real time, yet existing motion controllers often ignore inherent patterns in motion. Previous efforts in representation learning do not…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Matthias Heyrman , Chenhao Li , Victor Klemm , Dongho Kang , Stelian Coros , Marco Hutter

Extreme learning machine (ELM) as a simple and rapid neural network has been shown its good performance in various areas. Different from the general single hidden layer feedforward neural network (SLFN), the input weights and biases in…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2018-11-26 Xixian Zhang , Zhijing Yang , Faxian Cao , Jiangzhong Cao , Meilin Wang , Nian Cai

The estimation of rare event probabilities plays a pivotal role in diverse fields. Our aim is to determine the probability of a hazard or system failure occurring when a quantity of interest exceeds a critical value. In our approach, the…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-04-11 Lea Friedli , David Ginsbourger , Arnaud Doucet , Niklas Linde

Many applications require that we learn the parameters of a model from data. EM is a method used to learn the parameters of probabilistic models for which the data for some of the variables in the models is either missing or hidden. There…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2013-01-30 Luis E. Ortiz , Leslie Pack Kaelbling

This paper studies the fundamental problem of learning energy-based model (EBM) in the latent space of the generator model. Learning such prior model typically requires running costly Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC). Instead, we propose to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-20 Zhisheng Xiao , Tian Han

Deep neural networks employing error back-propagation for learning can suffer from exploding and vanishing gradient problems. Numerous solutions have been proposed such as normalisation techniques or limiting activation functions to linear…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-08 Sama Daryanavard , Bernd Porr

Estimation of Distribution Algorithms (EDAs) require flexible probability models that can be efficiently learned and sampled. Restricted Boltzmann Machines (RBMs) are generative neural networks with these desired properties. We integrate an…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2014-12-01 Malte Probst , Franz Rothlauf , Jörn Grahl

Although most pregnancies result in a good outcome, complications are not uncommon and can be associated with serious implications for mothers and babies. Predictive modeling has the potential to improve outcomes through better…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Tomas M. Bosschieter , Zifei Xu , Hui Lan , Benjamin J. Lengerich , Harsha Nori , Ian Painter , Vivienne Souter , Rich Caruana

In recent years, neural networks have achieved remarkable progress in various fields and have also drawn much attention in applying them on scientific problems. A line of methods involving neural networks for solving partial differential…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-05-20 Xianliang Xu , Ye Li , Zhongyi Huang

Performance optimization is an increasingly challenging but often repetitive task. While each platform has its quirks, the underlying code transformations rely on data movement and computational characteristics that recur across…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-03-16 Lukas Trümper , Tal Ben-Nun , Philipp Schaad , Alexandru Calotoiu , Torsten Hoefler

Learning is the basis of both biological and artificial systems when it comes to mimicking intelligent behaviors. From the classical PPO (Proximal Policy Optimization), there is a series of deep reinforcement learning algorithms which are…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Wanru Gong , Xinyi Zheng , Yuan Hui , Zhongjun Li , Weiqiang Wang , Xiaoqing Zhu

Classical Mixtures of Experts (MoE) are Machine Learning models that involve partitioning the input space, with a separate "expert" model trained on each partition. Recently, MoE-based model architectures have become popular as a means to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Quentin Fruytier , Aryan Mokhtari , Sujay Sanghavi

Motion planning and obstacle avoidance is a key challenge in robotics applications. While previous work succeeds to provide excellent solutions for known environments, sensor-based motion planning in new and dynamic environments remains…

Latent class model (LCM), which is a finite mixture of different categorical distributions, is one of the most widely used models in statistics and machine learning fields. Because of its non-continuous nature and the flexibility in shape,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-03-23 Hao Chen , Lanshan Han , Alvin Lim

Model generalization of the underlying dynamics is critical for achieving data efficiency when learning for robot control. This paper proposes a novel approach for learning dynamics leveraging the symmetry in the underlying robotic system,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-10-17 Jee-eun Lee , Jaemin Lee , Tirthankar Bandyopadhyay , Luis Sentis

Predictive uncertainty quantification is crucial for reliable decision-making in various applied domains. Bayesian neural networks offer a powerful framework for this task. However, defining meaningful priors and ensuring computational…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Yijia Liu , Xiao Wang

A growing number of applications in particle physics and beyond use neural networks as unbinned likelihood ratio estimators applied to real or simulated data. Precision requirements on the inference tasks demand a high-level of stability…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-03-04 G. Bruno De Luca , Benjamin Nachman , Eva Silverstein , Henry Zheng

Distribution matching (DM) is a versatile domain-invariant representation learning technique that has been applied to tasks such as fair classification, domain adaptation, and domain translation. Non-parametric DM methods struggle with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Ziyu Gong , Jim Lim , David I. Inouye

Prior plays an important role in providing the plausible constraint on human motion. Previous works design motion priors following a variety of paradigms under different circumstances, leading to the lack of versatility. In this paper, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-29 Jiachen Xu , Min Wang , Jingyu Gong , Wentao Liu , Chen Qian , Yuan Xie , Lizhuang Ma