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Deep neural networks have emerged as very successful tools for image restoration and reconstruction tasks. These networks are often trained end-to-end to directly reconstruct an image from a noisy or corrupted measurement of that image. To…

Magnetic resonance (MR) images exhibit various contrasts and appearances based on factors such as different acquisition protocols, views, manufacturers, scanning parameters, etc. This generally accessible appearance-related side information…

This chapter describes several procedures used to prepare fMRI data for statistical analyses. It includes the description of common preprocessing steps, such as spatial realignment, coregistration, and spatial normalization, aimed at the…

MR imaging is a valuable diagnostic tool allowing to non-invasively visualize patient anatomy and pathology with high soft-tissue contrast. However, MRI acquisition is typically time-consuming, leading to patient discomfort and increased…

Quantitative image analysis often depends on accurate classification of pixels through a segmentation process. However, imaging artifacts such as the partial volume effect and sensor noise complicate the classification process. These…

Despite the successes of deep neural networks on many challenging vision tasks, they often fail to generalize to new test domains that are not distributed identically to the training data. The domain adaptation becomes more challenging for…

Brain tumors are abnormal cell growths in the central nervous system (CNS), and their timely detection is critical for improving patient outcomes. This paper proposes an automatic and efficient deep-learning framework for brain tumor…

The magnetic resonance (MR) analysis of brain tumors is widely used for diagnosis and examination of tumor subregions. The overlapping area among the intensity distribution of healthy, enhancing, non-enhancing, and edema regions makes the…

In MRI, variations in scan parameters, sequence, or hardware can lead to discrepancies in image appearance, even for the same subject. These inconsistencies, known as domain shifts, can hinder image analysis and degrade the performance of…

In brain tumor diagnosis and surgical planning, segmentation of tumor regions and accurate analysis of surrounding normal tissues are necessary for physicians. Pathological variability often renders difficulty to register a well-labeled…

Neuro-oncological surgery is the primary brain cancer treatment, yet it faces challenges with gliomas due to their invasiveness and the need to preserve neurological function. Hence, radical resection is often unfeasible, highlighting the…

Machine learning models for medical image analysis often suffer from poor performance on important subsets of a population that are not identified during training or testing. For example, overall performance of a cancer detection model may…

Medical imaging plays a vital role in modern diagnostics; however, interpreting high-resolution radiological data remains time-consuming and susceptible to variability among clinicians. Traditional image processing techniques often lack the…

Objective. Standard Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) reconstruction pipelines discard phase information captured during acquisition, despite evidence that it encodes tissue properties relevant to tumor diagnosis. Current machine learning…

Deep learning methods for brain tumor segmentation are typically trained in an ad hoc fashion on all available data. Brain tumors are tremendously heterogeneous in image appearance and labeled training data is limited. We argue that…

Radio frequency (RF) data contain richer information compared to other data types, such as envelope or B-mode, and employing RF data for training deep neural networks has attracted growing interest in ultrasound image processing. However,…

Federated learning and its application to medical image segmentation have recently become a popular research topic. This training paradigm suffers from statistical heterogeneity between participating institutions' local datasets, incurring…

Brains with complex distortion of cerebral anatomy present several challenges to automatic tissue segmentation methods of T1-weighted MR images. First, the very high variability in the morphology of the tissues can be incompatible with the…

Deep learning approaches to the segmentation of magnetic resonance images have shown significant promise in automating the quantitative analysis of brain images. However, a continuing challenge has been its sensitivity to the variability of…

Registration of images with pathologies is challenging due to tissue appearance changes and missing correspondences caused by the pathologies. Moreover, mass effects as observed for brain tumors may displace tissue, creating larger…