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Backdoor data poisoning is an emerging form of adversarial attack usually against deep neural network image classifiers. The attacker poisons the training set with a relatively small set of images from one (or several) source class(es),…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-16 Zhen Xiang , David J. Miller , George Kesidis

Backdoor attack introduces artificial vulnerabilities into the model by poisoning a subset of the training data via injecting triggers and modifying labels. Various trigger design strategies have been explored to attack text classifiers,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-23 Zichao Li , Dheeraj Mekala , Chengyu Dong , Jingbo Shang

The growing dependence on machine learning in real-world applications emphasizes the importance of understanding and ensuring its safety. Backdoor attacks pose a significant security risk due to their stealthy nature and potentially serious…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-19 Ganghua Wang , Xun Xian , Jayanth Srinivasa , Ashish Kundu , Xuan Bi , Mingyi Hong , Jie Ding

Backdoor data poisoning, inserted within instruction examples used to fine-tune a foundation Large Language Model (LLM) for downstream tasks (\textit{e.g.,} sentiment prediction), is a serious security concern due to the evasive nature of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-23 Jayaram Raghuram , George Kesidis , David J. Miller

Although Deep Neural Network (DNN) has led to unprecedented progress in various natural language processing (NLP) tasks, research shows that deep models are extremely vulnerable to backdoor attacks. The existing backdoor attacks mainly…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-06-07 Xiaoyi Chen , Yinpeng Dong , Zeyu Sun , Shengfang Zhai , Qingni Shen , Zhonghai Wu

Machine unlearning has emerged as a key component in ensuring ``Right to be Forgotten'', enabling the removal of specific data points from trained models. However, even when the unlearning is performed without poisoning the forget-set…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Marco Arazzi , Antonino Nocera , Vinod P

Backdoor attacks change a small portion of training data by introducing hand-crafted triggers and rewiring the corresponding labels towards a desired target class. Training on such data injects a backdoor which causes malicious inference in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-05 Ivan Sabolić , Ivan Grubišić , Siniša Šegvić

Large-scale unlabeled data has spurred recent progress in self-supervised learning methods that learn rich visual representations. State-of-the-art self-supervised methods for learning representations from images (e.g., MoCo, BYOL, MSF) use…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-10 Aniruddha Saha , Ajinkya Tejankar , Soroush Abbasi Koohpayegani , Hamed Pirsiavash

In a backdoor attack, an adversary inserts maliciously constructed backdoor examples into a training set to make the resulting model vulnerable to manipulation. Defending against such attacks typically involves viewing these inserted…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-07-20 Alaa Khaddaj , Guillaume Leclerc , Aleksandar Makelov , Kristian Georgiev , Hadi Salman , Andrew Ilyas , Aleksander Madry

The training phase of machine learning models is a delicate step, especially in cybersecurity contexts. Recent research has surfaced a series of insidious training-time attacks that inject backdoors in models designed for security…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Giorgio Severi , Simona Boboila , John Holodnak , Kendra Kratkiewicz , Rauf Izmailov , Michael J. De Lucia , Alina Oprea

Backdoor attack intends to embed hidden backdoor into deep neural networks (DNNs), so that the attacked models perform well on benign samples, whereas their predictions will be maliciously changed if the hidden backdoor is activated by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-02-17 Yiming Li , Yong Jiang , Zhifeng Li , Shu-Tao Xia

Clean-label (CL) attack is a form of data poisoning attack where an adversary modifies only the textual input of the training data, without requiring access to the labeling function. CL attacks are relatively unexplored in NLP, as compared…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-01 Ashim Gupta , Amrith Krishna

The generalization bound is a crucial theoretical tool for assessing the generalizability of learning methods and there exist vast literatures on generalizability of normal learning, adversarial learning, and data poisoning. Unlike other…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Lijia Yu , Shuang Liu , Yibo Miao , Xiao-Shan Gao , Lijun Zhang

In the domain of backdoor attacks, accurate labeling of injected data is essential for evading rudimentary detection mechanisms. This imperative has catalyzed the development of clean-label attacks, which are notably more elusive as they…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-18 Binhao Ma , Jiahui Wang , Dejun Wang , Bo Meng

Machine learning systems are vulnerable to backdoor attacks, where attackers manipulate model behavior through data tampering or architectural modifications. Traditional backdoor attacks involve injecting malicious samples with specific…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Yuan Ma , Jiankang Wei , Yilun Lyu , Kehao Chen , Jingtong Huang

Backdoor attacks manipulate model predictions by inserting innocuous triggers into training and test data. We focus on more realistic and more challenging clean-label attacks where the adversarial training examples are correctly labeled.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Wencong You , Zayd Hammoudeh , Daniel Lowd

Backdoor poisoning attacks pose a well-known risk to neural networks. However, most studies have focused on lenient threat models. We introduce Silent Killer, a novel attack that operates in clean-label, black-box settings, uses a stealthy…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Tzvi Lederer , Gallil Maimon , Lior Rokach

The prompt-based learning paradigm, which bridges the gap between pre-training and fine-tuning, achieves state-of-the-art performance on several NLP tasks, particularly in few-shot settings. Despite being widely applied, prompt-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-05 Shuai Zhao , Jinming Wen , Luu Anh Tuan , Junbo Zhao , Jie Fu

Data-poisoning based backdoor attacks aim to insert backdoor into models by manipulating training datasets without controlling the training process of the target model. Existing attack methods mainly focus on designing triggers or fusion…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-07-17 Zihao Zhu , Mingda Zhang , Shaokui Wei , Li Shen , Yanbo Fan , Baoyuan Wu

Backdoor attacks inject poisoning samples during training, with the goal of forcing a machine learning model to output an attacker-chosen class when presented a specific trigger at test time. Although backdoor attacks have been demonstrated…