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With the rapid advancement of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), a variety of benchmarks have been introduced to evaluate their capabilities. While most evaluations have focused on complex tasks such as scientific comprehension and…

Several studies point out different causes of performance degradation in supervised machine learning. Problems such as class imbalance, overlapping, small-disjuncts, noisy labels, and sparseness limit accuracy in classification algorithms.…

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved significant success in interacting with human. However, recent studies have revealed that these models often suffer from hallucinations, leading to overly confident but incorrect judgments. This…

The development of medical science greatly depends on the increased utilization of machine learning algorithms. By incorporating machine learning, the medical imaging field can significantly improve in terms of the speed and accuracy of the…

Medical machine learning algorithms are typically evaluated based on accuracy vs. a clinician-defined ground truth, a reasonable initial choice since trained clinicians are usually better classifiers than ML models. However, this metric…

We consider machine-learning-based malignancy prediction and lesion identification from clinical dermatological images, which can be indistinctly acquired via smartphone or dermoscopy capture. Additionally, we do not assume that images…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently gained significant attention due to their remarkable capabilities in performing diverse tasks across various domains. However, a thorough evaluation of these models is crucial before deploying them…

The adaptation and use of Machine Learning (ML) in our daily lives has led to concerns in lack of transparency, privacy, reliability, among others. As a result, we are seeing research in niche areas such as interpretability, causality, bias…

Machine learning in medical imaging during clinical routine is impaired by changes in scanner protocols, hardware, or policies resulting in a heterogeneous set of acquisition settings. When training a deep learning model on an initial…

Application of interpretable machine learning techniques on medical datasets facilitate early and fast diagnoses, along with getting deeper insight into the data. Furthermore, the transparency of these models increase trust among…

Machine learning (ML) models are increasingly used to support clinical decision-making. However, real-world medical datasets are often noisy, incomplete, and imbalanced, leading to performance disparities across patient subgroups. These…

With the advent of sophisticated machine learning (ML) techniques and the promising results they yield, especially in medical applications, where they have been investigated for different tasks to enhance the decision-making process. Since…

Currently, machine learning (ML) methods are widely used to process the results of physical experiments. In some cases, due to the limited amount of experimental data, ML-models can be pre-trained on synthetic data simulated based on the…

Adaptive machine learning (ML) aims to allow ML models to adapt to ever-changing environments with potential concept drift after model deployment. Traditionally, adaptive ML requires a new dataset to be manually labeled to tailor deployed…

The science of solving clinical problems by analyzing images generated in clinical practice is known as medical image analysis. The aim is to extract information in an effective and efficient manner for improved clinical diagnosis. The…

The digitization of healthcare data coupled with advances in computational capabilities has propelled the adoption of machine learning (ML) in healthcare. However, these methods can perpetuate or even exacerbate existing disparities,…

Machine learning is expected to fuel significant improvements in medical care. To ensure that fundamental principles such as beneficence, respect for human autonomy, prevention of harm, justice, privacy, and transparency are respected,…

Machine Learning (ML) is increasingly applied in real-life scenarios, raising concerns about bias in automatic decision making. We focus on bias as a notion of opinion exclusion, that stems from the direct application of traditional ML…

Machine learning models for medical image analysis often suffer from poor performance on important subsets of a population that are not identified during training or testing. For example, overall performance of a cancer detection model may…

An increasingly complex and diverse collection of Machine Learning (ML) models as well as hardware/software stacks, collectively referred to as "ML artifacts", are being proposed - leading to a diverse landscape of ML. These ML innovations…