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Long-form answers, consisting of multiple sentences, can provide nuanced and comprehensive answers to a broader set of questions. To better understand this complex and understudied task, we study the functional structure of long-form…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-22 Fangyuan Xu , Junyi Jessy Li , Eunsol Choi

While there has been substantial progress in factoid question-answering (QA), answering complex questions remains challenging, typically requiring both a large body of knowledge and inference techniques. Open Information Extraction (Open…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-04-20 Tushar Khot , Ashish Sabharwal , Peter Clark

A key limitation in current datasets for multi-hop reasoning is that the required steps for answering the question are mentioned in it explicitly. In this work, we introduce StrategyQA, a question answering (QA) benchmark where the required…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-08 Mor Geva , Daniel Khashabi , Elad Segal , Tushar Khot , Dan Roth , Jonathan Berant

Open domain question answering systems frequently rely on information retrieved from large collections of text (such as the Web) to answer questions. However, such collections of text often contain conflicting information, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Siyi Liu , Qiang Ning , Kishaloy Halder , Wei Xiao , Zheng Qi , Phu Mon Htut , Yi Zhang , Neha Anna John , Bonan Min , Yassine Benajiba , Dan Roth

In this tutorial, we will survey known results on the complexity of conjunctive query evaluation in different settings, ranging from Boolean queries over counting to more complex models like enumeration and direct access. A particular focus…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Stefan Mengel

Query containment and query answering are two important computational tasks in databases. While query answering amounts to compute the result of a query over a database, query containment is the problem of checking whether for every…

Databases · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Diego Calvanese , Giuseppe De Giacomo , Maurizio Lenzerini

In this paper, we study the problem of question answering when reasoning over multiple facts is required. We propose Query-Reduction Network (QRN), a variant of Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) that effectively handles both short-term (local)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-02-28 Minjoon Seo , Sewon Min , Ali Farhadi , Hannaneh Hajishirzi

Formulating selective information needs results in queries that implicitly specify set operations, such as intersection, union, and difference. For instance, one might search for "shorebirds that are not sandpipers" or "science-fiction…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-01 Chaitanya Malaviya , Peter Shaw , Ming-Wei Chang , Kenton Lee , Kristina Toutanova

Text-based Question Answering (QA) is a challenging task which aims at finding short concrete answers for users' questions. This line of research has been widely studied with information retrieval techniques and has received increasing…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-05-28 Zahra Abbasiantaeb , Saeedeh Momtazi

Fighting misinformation is a challenging, yet crucial, task. Despite the growing number of experts being involved in manual fact-checking, this activity is time-consuming and cannot keep up with the ever-increasing amount of Fake News…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-30 Daniel Russo , Serra Sinem Tekiroglu , Marco Guerini

This paper presents an original way to add new data in a reference dictionary from several other lexical resources, without loosing any consistence. This operation is carried in order to get lexical information classified by the sense of…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Bernard Jacquemin

Existing benchmarks treat multi-turn conversation and reasoning-intensive retrieval separately, yet real-world information seeking requires both. To bridge this gap, we present a benchmark for reasoning-based conversational information…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Mohammed Ali , Abdelrahman Abdallah , Amit Agarwal , Hitesh Laxmichand Patel , Adam Jatowt

As multimodal content continues to expand at a rapid pace, audio retrieval has emerged as a key enabling technology for media search, content organization, and intelligent assistants. However, most existing benchmarks concentrate on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Honglei Zhang , Yuting Chen , Chenpeng Hu , Siyue Zhang , Yilei Shi

Emotion cause extraction aims to identify the reasons behind a certain emotion expressed in text. It is a much more difficult task compared to emotion classification. Inspired by recent advances in using deep memory networks for question…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-09-26 Lin Gui , Jiannan Hu , Yulan He , Ruifeng Xu , Qin Lu , Jiachen Du

Existing question answering (QA) datasets fail to train QA systems to perform complex reasoning and provide explanations for answers. We introduce HotpotQA, a new dataset with 113k Wikipedia-based question-answer pairs with four key…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-09-26 Zhilin Yang , Peng Qi , Saizheng Zhang , Yoshua Bengio , William W. Cohen , Ruslan Salakhutdinov , Christopher D. Manning

Purpose: Advanced usage of Web Analytics tools allows to capture the content of user queries. Despite their relevant nature, the manual analysis of large volumes of user queries is problematic. This paper demonstrates the potential of using…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2017-09-25 Anne Chardonnens , Ettore Rizza , Mathias Coeckelbergs , Seth van Hooland

We present an empirical study on methods for span finding, the selection of consecutive tokens in text for some downstream tasks. We focus on approaches that can be employed in training end-to-end information extraction systems, and find…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-17 Weiwei Gu , Boyuan Zheng , Yunmo Chen , Tongfei Chen , Benjamin Van Durme

Thanks to information extraction and semantic Web efforts, search on unstructured text is increasingly refined using semantic annotations and structured knowledge bases. However, most users cannot become familiar with the schema of…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2012-12-27 Uma Sawant , Soumen Chakrabarti

We deal with the scenario of conversational search, where user queries are under-specified or ambiguous. This calls for a mixed-initiative setup. User-asks (queries) and system-answers, as well as system-asks (clarification questions) and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-24 Yosi Mass , Doron Cohen , Asaf Yehudai , David Konopnicki

Scaling the amount of compute used to train language models has dramatically improved their capabilities. However, when it comes to inference, we often limit models to making only one attempt at a problem. Here, we explore inference compute…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Bradley Brown , Jordan Juravsky , Ryan Ehrlich , Ronald Clark , Quoc V. Le , Christopher Ré , Azalia Mirhoseini
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