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Optimal power flow problems (OPFs) are mathematical programs used to determine how to distribute power over networks subject to network operation constraints and the physics of power flows. In this work, we take the view of treating an OPF…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-03-06 Fengyu Zhou , James Anderson , Steven H. Low

The growing penetration of distributed energy resources (DERs), electric vehicles (EVs), and heat pumps (HPs) in distribution networks underscores the need for secure, computationally efficient optimal power flow (OPF) solutions.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-15 Savvas Panagi , Chrysovalantis Spanias , Petros Aristidou

Optimal power flow (OPF) is an important tool for Independent System Operators (ISOs) to deal with the power generation management. With the increasing penetration of renewable energy into power grids, challenges arise in tackling the OPF…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-06-27 Jia Yang , Jun Song , Chaoyue Zhao

Optimal Power Flow (OPF) is a very traditional research area within the power systems field that seeks for the optimal operation point of electric power plants, and which needs to be solved every few minutes in real-world scenarios.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Ángela López-Cardona , Guillermo Bernárdez , Pere Barlet-Ros , Albert Cabellos-Aparicio

Learning to solve the Alternating Current Optimal Power Flow (AC-OPF) problem by neural networks (NNs) is a promising approach in real-time applications. Existing methods to ensure the physical feasibility of NN outputs embed a power flow…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Jiebao Zhang , Haoyu Yan , Zhichao Sheng , Hongwen Yu , Shuang Ye , Haoyu Wang , Ye Shi

This paper presents an algorithm for restoring AC power flow feasibility from solutions to simplified optimal power flow (OPF) problems, including convex relaxations, power flow approximations, and machine learning (ML) models. The proposed…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-13 Babak Taheri , Daniel K. Molzahn

In this paper, we propose a combined Online Feedback Optimization (OFO) and dynamic estimation approach for a real-time power grid operation under time-varying conditions. A dynamic estimation uses grid measurements to generate the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-05-17 Miguel Picallo , Dominic Liao-McPherson , Saverio Bolognani , Florian Dörfler

In this paper, we consider the scenario-based two-stage stochastic DC optimal power flow (OPF) problem for optimal and reliable dispatch when the load is facing uncertainty. Although this problem is a linear program, it remains…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-17 Ling Zhang , Daniel Tabas , Baosen Zhang

Optimal power flow (OPF) is a critical optimization problem for power systems to operate at points where cost or other operational objectives are optimized. Due to the non-convexity of the set of feasible OPF operating points, it is…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-03-03 Daniel Turizo , Diego Cifuentes , Anton Leykin , Daniel K. Molzahn

Optimal Power Flow (OPF) is a fundamental problem in power systems. It is computationally challenging and a recent line of research has proposed the use of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) to find OPF approximations at vastly reduced runtimes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-23 My H. Dinh , Ferdinando Fioretto , Mostafa Mohammadian , Kyri Baker

The growing scale of power systems and the increasing uncertainty introduced by renewable energy sources necessitates novel optimization techniques that are significantly faster and more accurate than existing methods. The AC Optimal Power…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-12-02 Andrew Rosemberg , Michael Klamkin , Pascal Van Hentenryck

Optimal Power Flow (OPF) is a valuable tool for power system operators, but it is a difficult problem to solve for large systems. Machine Learning (ML) algorithms, especially Neural Networks-based (NN) optimization proxies, have emerged as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-13 Rahul Nellikkath , Mathieu Tanneau , Pascal Van Hentenryck , Spyros Chatzivasileiadis

Nonconvexity induced by the nonlinear AC power flow equations challenges solution algorithms for AC optimal power flow (OPF) problems. While significant research efforts have focused on reliably computing high-quality OPF solutions, it is…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-02-18 Dongchan Lee , Konstantin Turitsyn , Daniel K. Molzahn , Line A. Roald

Stepwise controllable devices, such as switched capacitors or stepwise controllable loads and generators, transform the nonconvex AC optimal power flow (AC-OPF) problem into a nonconvex mixed-integer (MI) programming problem which is…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-10-13 Johannes Heid , Nils Bornhorst , Eric Tönges , Philipp Härtel , Denis Mende , Martin Braun

Solving the nonlinear AC optimal power flow (AC OPF) problem remains a major computational bottleneck for real-time grid operations. In this paper, we propose a residual learning paradigm that uses fast DC optimal power flow (DC OPF)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Muhy Eddin Za'ter , Bri-Mathias Hodge , Kyri Baker

We propose a data-driven method to solve a stochastic optimal power flow (OPF) problem based on limited information about forecast error distributions. The objective is to determine power schedules for controllable devices in a power…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-01-22 Yi Guo , Kyri Baker , Emiliano Dall'Anese , Zechun Hu , Tyler Summers

This paper introduces, for the first time to our knowledge, physics-informed neural networks to accurately estimate the AC-OPF result and delivers rigorous guarantees about their performance. Power system operators, along with several other…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-29 Rahul Nellikkath , Spyros Chatzivasileiadis

We propose a GPU accelerated proximal message passing algorithm for solving contingency-constrained DC optimal power flow problems (OPF). We consider a highly general formulation of OPF that uses a sparse device-node model and supports a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-10-23 Anthony Degleris , Abbas El Gamal , Ram Rajagopal

We propose a framework for integrating optimal power flow (OPF) with state estimation (SE) in the loop for distribution networks. Our approach combines a primal-dual gradient-based OPF solver with a SE feedback loop based on a limited set…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-05-05 Yi Guo , Xinyang Zhou , Changhong Zhao , Lijun Chen , Tyler H. Summers

An effective means for analyzing the impact of novel operating schemes on power systems is time domain simulation, for example for investigating optimization-based curtailment of renewables to alleviate voltage violations. Traditionally,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-07-27 Sandro Merkli , Alexander Domahidi , Juan Jerez , Manfred Morari , Roy S. Smith