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Opacity has emerged as a central confidentiality notion for information-flow security in discrete event systems (DES), capturing the requirement that an external observer (intruder) should never be able to determine with certainty whether…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-27 Xiang Yin

Opacity is a property of privacy and security applications asking whether, given a system model, a passive intruder that makes online observations of system's behaviour can ascertain some "secret" information of the system. Deciding opacity…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-04-21 Jiří Balun , Tomáš Masopust , Petr Osička

The security in information-flow has become a major concern for cyber-physical systems (CPSs). In this work, we focus on the analysis of an information-flow security property, called opacity. Opacity characterizes the plausible deniability…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-10-29 Siyuan Liu , Abdalla Swikir , Majid Zamani

Opacity is a general framework modeling security properties of systems interacting with a passive attacker. Initial-and-final-state opacity (IFO) generalizes the classical notions of opacity, such as current-state opacity and initial-state…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Tomáš Masopust , Petr Osička

The state inference problem and fault diagnosis/prediction problem are fundamental topics in many areas. In this paper, we consider discrete-event systems (DESs) modeled by finite-state automata (FSAs). There exist results for decentralized…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-02-14 Kuize Zhang

Opacity is a confidentiality property that characterizes the non-disclosure of specified secret information of a system to an outside observer. In this paper, we consider the enforcement of opacity within the discrete-event system formalism…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-02-19 Bo Wu , Jin Dai , Hai Lin

In this paper, we investigate both qualitative and quantitative synthesis of optimal privacy-enforcing supervisors for partially-observed discrete-event systems. We consider a dynamic system whose information-flow is partially available to…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-02-03 Yifan Xie , Xiang Yin , Shaoyuan Li

In this paper, we investigate state estimation and opacity verification problems within a decentralized observation architecture. Specifically, we consider a discrete event system whose behavior is recorded by a set of observation sites.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-18 Dajiang Sun , Christoforos N. Hadjicostis , Zhiwu Li

This paper investigates an important class of information-flow security property called opacity for stochastic control systems. Opacity captures whether a system's secret behavior (a subset of the system's behavior that is considered to be…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-29 Siyuan Liu , Xiang Yin , Dimos V. Dimarogonas , Majid Zamani

Detectability of discrete event systems (DESs) is a question whether the current and subsequent states can be determined based on observations. Shu and Lin designed a polynomial-time algorithm to check strong (periodic) detectability and an…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2017-10-09 Tomáš Masopust

Opacity is a property that characterizes the system's capability to keep its "secret" from being inferred by an intruder that partially observes the system's behavior. In this paper, we are concerned with enhancing the opacity using…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-02-15 Bo Wu , Zhiyu Liu , Hai Lin

Detectability has been introduced as a generalization of state-estimation properties of discrete event systems studied in the literature. It asks whether the current and subsequent states of a system can be determined based on observations.…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2020-05-19 Jiří Balun , Tomáš Masopust

We investigate the enforcement of opacity in discrete-event systems via supervisory control. A system is said to be opaque if a passive intruder can never unambiguously infer whether the system is in a secret state through its observations.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-07 Bohan Cui , Ziyue Ma , Alessandro Giua , Xiang Yin

In decentralized networked supervisory control of discrete-event systems (DESs), the local supervisors observe event occurrences subject to observation delays to make correct control decisions. Delay coobservability describes whether these…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-05-20 Yunfeng Hou , Qingdu Li , Yunfeng Ji , Gang Wang , Ching-Yen Weng

Qualitative opacity of a secret is a security property, which means that a system trajectory satisfying the secret is observation-equivalent to a trajectory violating the secret. In this paper, we study how to synthesize a control policy…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-12-04 Sumukha Udupa , Jie Fu

Finite automata (FAs) model is a popular tool to characterize discrete event systems (DESs) due to its succinctness. However, for some complex systems, it is difficult to describe the necessary details by means of FAs model. In this paper,…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-07-11 Weilin Deng , Daowen Qiu , Jingkai Yang

This work studies the synthesis of active perception policies for predictive safety monitoring in partially observable stochastic systems. Operating under strict sensing and communication budgets, the proposed monitor dynamically schedules…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-25 Sumukha Udupa , Jie Fu

In this paper, we propose several opacity-preserving (bi)simulation relations for general nondeterministic transition systems (NTS) in terms of initial-state opacity, current-state opacity, K-step opacity, and infinite-step opacity. We also…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2018-09-14 Kuize Zhang , Xiang Yin , Majid Zamani

In this work, we propose a compositional framework for the verification of approximate initial-state opacity for networks of discrete-time switched systems. The proposed approach is based on a notion of approximate initial-state…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-09-27 Siyuan Liu , Abdalla Swikir , Majid Zamani

In this paper, we study a security problem of protecting secrets in distributed systems. Specifically, we employ discrete-event systems to describe the structure and behaviour of distributed systems, in which global secret information is…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-15 Shoma Matsui , Kai Cai , Karen Rudie