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Related papers: Lions' representation theorem and applications

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Interpretability is a key challenge in fostering trust for Large Language Models (LLMs), which stems from the complexity of extracting reasoning from model's parameters. We present the Frame Representation Hypothesis, a theoretically robust…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Pedro H. V. Valois , Lincon S. Souza , Erica K. Shimomoto , Kazuhiro Fukui

In this paper, we provide some of the necessary mathematics to describe higher order Lions-Taylor expansions. The Lions derivative of a functional on the Wasserstein space of measures quantifies infinitesimal perturbations on measures in…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-05-16 William Salkeld

The inverse problem for representation functions takes as input a triple (X,f,L), where X is a countable semigroup, f : X --> N_0 \cup {\infty} a function, L : a_1 x_1 + ... + a_h x_h an X-linear form and asks for a subset A \subseteq X…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2007-12-31 Peter Hegarty

In this paper we explain that the natural filtration of a continuous Hunt process is continuous, and show that martingales over such a filtration are continuous. We further establish a martingale representation theorem for a class of…

Probability · Mathematics 2009-10-27 Zhongmin Qian , ; Jiangang Ying

We propose Representational Effective Theory (RET), a framework for describing large language model computation in terms of learned macrostates rather than microscopic details. RET learns these macrostates from hidden-state trajectories…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Muhammed Ustaomeroglu , Guannan Qu

It has recently been argued that AI models' representations are becoming aligned as their scale and performance increase. Empirical analyses have been designed to support this idea and conjecture the possible alignment of different…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Francesco Insulla , Shuo Huang , Lorenzo Rosasco

We investigate the Platonic Representation Hypothesis (PRH) through a tripartite statistical framework of representations: signal, bias, and noise. {1) Signal:} We propose that Platonic alignment arises from the universal relationship…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Kiril Bangachev , Guy Bresler , Yury Polyanskiy

Explicit expressions for the Temperley-Lieb-Martin algebras, i.e., the quotients of the Hecke algebra that admit only representations corresponding to Young diagrams with a given maximum number of columns (or rows), are obtained, making…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-09-06 Tomasz Brzezinski , Jacob Katriel

This paper aims to clarify the representational status of Deep Learning Models (DLMs). While commonly referred to as 'representations', what this entails is ambiguous due to a conflation of functional and relational conceptions of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Eamon Duede

Martingale representation theorem for set-valued martingales was proposed by M. Kisielewicz [J. Math. Anal. Appl. 2014]. We shall prove that the result holds only for very special case: the set-valued martingale degenerates to the…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-12-15 Jinping Zhang , Kouji Yano

Pastures are a class of field-like algebraic objects which include both partial fields hyperfields and have nice categorical properties. We prove several lift theorems for representations of matroids over pastures, including a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-07-05 Matthew Baker , Oliver Lorscheid

A new approach to the theory of polynomial solutions of q - difference equations is proposed. The approach is based on the representation theory of simple Lie algebras and their q - deformations and is presented here for U_q(sl(n)). First a…

q-alg · Mathematics 2016-09-08 V. K. Dobrev , P. Truini , L. C. Biedenharn

The linear perturbation theory of inhomogeneous reionization (LPTR) has been developed as an analytical tool for predicting the global ionized fraction and large-scale power spectrum of ionized density fluctuations during reionization. In…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-05 Yi Mao , Anson D'Aloisio , Benjamin D. Wandelt , Jun Zhang , Paul R. Shapiro

In this paper we explore the fundamentals of the Martingale Representation Theorem (MRT) and a closely related result, the Clark-Ocone formula. We also investigate how far these theorems can be taken, notably beyond the regular Sobolev…

Probability · Mathematics 2013-06-25 Deborah Schneider-Luftman

The standard approach for dealing with the ill-posedness of the training problem in machine learning and/or the reconstruction of a signal from a limited number of measurements is regularization. The method is applicable whenever the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-07-13 Michael Unser

The linear representation hypothesis is the informal idea that semantic concepts are encoded as linear directions in the representation spaces of large language models (LLMs). Previous work has shown how to make this notion precise for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Kiho Park , Yo Joong Choe , Yibo Jiang , Victor Veitch

In this paper we explore the representation property over sets. This property generalizes constructibility, however is weak enough to enable us to prove that the class of theories $T$ whose models are representable is exactly the class of…

Logic · Mathematics 2009-06-18 Moran Cohen , Saharon Shelah

In this paper, we develop a representation-theoretic formulation of discrete-time linear systems. We show that such systems are naturally viewed as representations of time groups acting on vector spaces, thereby endowing the state space…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-13 Subhrajit Sinha

Default logic can be regarded as a mechanism to represent families of belief sets of a reasoning agent. As such, it is inherently second-order. In this paper, we study the problem of representability of a family of theories as the set of…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Victor Marek , Jan Treur , Miroslaw Truszczynski

The point of view of these notes on the topic is to bring out the flavour that Representation Theory is an extension of the first course on Group Theory. We also emphasize the importance of the base field. These notes cover completely the…

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2022-12-22 Anupam Singh