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The emergence of 6G technology represents a significant advancement in wireless communications, providing unprecedented speed, extremely low latency, and pioneering applications. In light of this development, an important question arises:…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-11-18 Sneihil Gopal , Aziz Kord , Richard A. Rouil

The fifth generation of the Radio Access Network (RAN) has brought new services, technologies, and paradigms with the corresponding societal benefits. However, the energy consumption of 5G networks is today a concern. In recent years, the…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-12-09 Nicola Piovesan , David Lopez-Perez , Antonio De Domenico , Xinli Geng , Harvey Bao

5G is the fifth generation wireless network, with a set of characteristics, e.g., high bandwidth and data rates. The scenarios of using 5G include enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB), massive Machine Type Communications (mMTC), and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-02-16 Chen Yang , Peng Liang , Liming Fu , Guorui Cui , Fei Huang , Feng Teng , Yawar Abbas Bangash

The Open RAN architecture is a promising and future-oriented architecture. It is intended to open up the radio access network (RAN) and enable more innovation and competition in the market. This will lead to RANs for current 5G networks,…

Virtualizing the Radio-Access Network (RAN) is increasingly viewed as an enabler of affordable 5G expansion and a stepping-stone toward AI-native 6G. Most discussions, however, still approach spectrum policy, cloud engineering and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Ryan Barker

To keep supporting next-generation requirements, the radio access infrastructure will increasingly densify. Cell-free (CF) network architectures are emerging, combining dense deployments with extreme flexibility in allocating resources to…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-01-26 Vida Ranjbar , Adam Girycki , Md Arifur Rahman , Sofie Pollin , Marc Moonen , Evgenii Vinogradov

As 5G deployments continue throughout the world, concerns regarding its energy consumption have gained significant traction. This article focuses on radio access networks (RANs) which account for a major portion of the network energy use.…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Lopamudra Kundu , Xingqin Lin , Rajesh Gadiyar

Recent years have witnessed the Open Radio Access Network (RAN) paradigm transforming the fundamental ways cellular systems are deployed, managed, and optimized. This shift is led by concepts such as openness, softwarization,…

An essential component for the Fifth Generation of Mobile Networks deployments is the 5G Core (5GC), which bridges the 5G Radio Access Network (RAN) to the rest of the Internet. Some open-source platforms for the 5GC have emerged and been…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Maria Barbosa , Marcelo Silva , Ednelson Cavalcanti , Kelvin Dias

Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) is an emerging paradigm that provides computing, storage, and networking resources within the edge of the mobile Radio Access Network (RAN). MEC servers are deployed on generic computing platform within the RAN…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2017-04-12 Tuyen X. Tran , Abolfazl Hajisami , Parul Pandey , Dario Pompili

Triggered by the explosion of mobile traffic, 5G (5th Generation) cellular network requires evolution to increase the system rate 1000 times higher than the current systems in 10 years. Motivated by this common problem, there are several…

Vehicular communications integrated with the Radio Access Network (RAN) are envisioned as a breakthrough application for the 6th generation (6G) cellular systems. However, traditional RANs lack the flexibility to enable sophisticated…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Eugenio Moro , Francesco Linsalata , Maurizio Magarini , Umberto Spagnolini , Antonio Capone

The growing complexity and capacity demands for mobile networks necessitate innovative techniques for optimizing resource usage. Meanwhile, recent breakthroughs have brought Reinforcement Learning (RL) into the domain of continuous control…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-10-28 Vegard Edvardsen , Gard Spreemann , Jeriek Van den Abeele

Driven by the emergence of new compute-intensive applications and the vision of the Internet of Things (IoT), it is foreseen that the emerging 5G network will face an unprecedented increase in traffic volume and computation demands.…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-01-03 Quoc-Viet Pham , Fang Fang , Vu Nguyen Ha , Md. Jalil Piran , Mai Le , Long Bao Le , Won-Joo Hwang , Zhiguo Ding

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-assisted communication appears as one of the potential enablers for sixth generation (6G) wireless networks by providing a new way to optimize the communication system performance. This paper aims to…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-09-01 E. Basar , I. Yildirim

Recent sustainability drives place energy-consumption metrics in centre-stage for the design of future radio access networks (RAN). At the same time, optimising the trade-off between performance and system energy usage by machine-learning…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-05 Kishan Sthankiya , Keith Briggs , Mona Jaber , Richard G. Clegg

Ultra-dense fifth generation (5G) and beyond networks leverage spectrum sharing and frequency reuse to enhance throughput, but face unpredictable in-band uplink (UL) interference challenges that significantly degrade Signal to Interference…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Neagin Neasamoni Santhi , Davide Villa , Michele Polese , Tommaso Melodia

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems are emerging as a key approach for grounding Large Language Models (LLMs) in external knowledge, addressing limitations in factual accuracy and contextual relevance. However, there is a lack of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Md Toufique Hasan , Muhammad Waseem , Kai-Kristian Kemell , Ayman Asad Khan , Mika Saari , Pekka Abrahamsson

The next generation of cellular networks will be characterized by openness, intelligence, virtualization, and distributed computing. The Open Radio Access Network (Open RAN) framework represents a significant leap toward realizing these…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-04-26 Joshua Groen , Salvatore D'Oro , Utku Demir , Leonardo Bonati , Davide Villa , Michele Polese , Tommaso Melodia , Kaushik Chowdhury

Enabling technologies of 5G and beyond wireless communication networks, such as millimeter-wave communication, beamforming, and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna systems, are becoming increasingly dependent on accurate…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-30 Halise Turkmen , Muhammad Sohaib J. Solaija , Haji M. Furqan , Huseyin Arslan