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Wordle is a single-player word-guessing game where the goal is to discover a secret word $w$ that has been chosen from a dictionary $D$. In order to discover $w$, the player can make at most $\ell$ guesses, which must also be words from…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2022-05-17 Daniel Lokshtanov , Bernardo Subercaseaux

The recent popularity of Wordle has revived interest in guessing games. We develop a general method for finding optimal strategies for guessing games while avoiding an exhaustive search. Our main contributions are several theorems that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-17 Michael Cunanan , Michael Thielscher

Wordle is an online word puzzle game that gained viral popularity in January 2022. The goal is to guess a hidden five letter word. After each guess, the player gains information about whether the letters they guessed are present in the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-02-02 Benton J. Anderson , Jesse G. Meyer

Wordle is a very popular word game that is owned by the New York Times. We can design parameterized strategies for solving Wordle, based on probabilistic, statistical, and information-theoretical information about the games. The strategies…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-05-24 Chao-Lin Liu

Wordle is a single-player word-based game where the objective is to guess the 5-letter word in a maximum of 6 tries. The game was released to the public in October 2021 and has since gained popularity with people competing against each…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Aditya Lahiri , Naigam Shah , Shivaank Agarwal , Vignesh Nandakumar

Wordle, a word guessing game rose to global popularity in the January of 2022. The goal of the game is to guess a five-letter English word within six tries. Each try provides the player with hints by means of colour changing tiles which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Nisansa de Silva

While previous researchers have performed an exhaustive search to determine an optimal Wordle strategy, that computation is very time consuming and produced a strategy using words that are unfamiliar to most people. With Wordle solutions…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Ronald I. Greenberg

Wordle is a popular, online word game offered by the New York Times (nytimes.com). Currently there are some 2 million players of the English version worldwide. Players have 6 attempts to guess the daily word (target word) and after each…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2023-10-10 James P. Dilger

In this paper we study the complexity of strategic argumentation for dialogue games. A dialogue game is a 2-player game where the parties play arguments. We show how to model dialogue games in a skeptical, non-monotonic formalism, and we…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2013-12-17 Guido Governatori , Francesco Olivieri , Simone Scannapieco , Antonino Rotolo , Matteo Cristani

Consider a very simple class of (finite) games: after an initial move by nature, each player makes one move. Moreover, the players have common interests: at each node, all the players get the same payoff. We show that the problem of…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Francis Chu , Joseph Y. Halpern

This paper presents a mathematical method of playing the puzzle game Wordle. In Wordle, the player has six tries to guess a secret word. After each guess the player is told how their guess compares to the secret word. With the available…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2022-04-14 Michael Bonthron

In this missive, the author goes about ruining an online word guessing game called Wordle, by generally trying to mathify the whole thing. On the other hand, one might consider that the author is trying to spice up mathematics by applying…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2022-04-26 Martin B. Short

At the beginning of 2022, a simplistic word-guessing game took the world by storm and was further adapted to many languages beyond the original English version. In this paper, we examine the strategies of daily word-guessing game players…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Matīss Rikters , Sanita Reinsone

We introduce a guessing game, permutation Wordle, in which a guesser attempts to recover a hidden permutation in $S_n$. In each round, the guesser guesses a permutation (using information from previous rounds) and is told which entries of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-01-27 Samuel A. Kutin , Lawren M. Smithline

Consider a game of permutation wordle in which a player attempts to guess a secret permutation of length $n$ in as few guesses as possible. In each round, the guessing player is told which indices of their guessed permutation are correct.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-11 Aurora Hiveley

We consider a model of language development, known as the naming game, in which agents invent, share and then select descriptive words for a single object, in such a way as to promote local consensus. When formulated on a finite and…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-03-08 Eric Foxall

We study the prediction and classification of Wordle solution words. After cleaning the public results log, we fit an ARIMA model to forecast the daily volume of reported outcomes through March 1, 2023. For each solution word, we compute…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-08-13 Haidong Xin , Fang Wu , Zhitong Zhou

We show that human players' gameplay in the game of Wordle is influenced by the semantics, orthography, and phonology of the player's previous guesses. We compare actual human players' guesses with near-optimal guesses using NLP techniques.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Jiadong Liang , Adam Kabbara , Jiaying Liu , Ronaldo Luo , Kina Kim , Michael Guerzhoy

A pattern p (i.e., a string of variables and terminals) matches a word w, if w can be obtained by uniformly replacing the variables of p by terminal words. The respective matching problem, i.e., deciding whether or not a given pattern…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-07-30 Florin Manea , Markus L. Schmid

In a guessing game, players guess the value of a random real number selected using some probability density function. The winner may be determined in various ways; for example, a winner can be a player whose guess is closest in magnitude to…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2016-07-11 Anthony Mendes , Kent E. Morrison
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