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The demonstration of quantum error correction (QEC) is one of the most important milestones in the realization of fully-fledged quantum computers. Toward this, QEC experiments using the surface codes have recently been actively conducted.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-12 Mitsuki Katsuda , Kosuke Mitarai , Keisuke Fujii

Variational quantum algorithms have been one of the most intensively studied applications for near-term quantum computing applications. The noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) regime, where small enough algorithms can be run…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-19 Sebastian Brandhofer , Simon Devitt , Ilia Polian

Quantum Computing aims to streamline machine learning, making it more effective with fewer trainable parameters. This reduction of parameters can speed up the learning process and reduce the use of computational resources. However, in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-22 Michael Kölle , Timo Witter , Tobias Rohe , Gerhard Stenzel , Philipp Altmann , Thomas Gabor

We analyze quantum state preservation in open quantum systems using quantum error-correcting (QEC) codes explicitly embedded in microscopic system-bath models. Rather than assuming abstract quantum channels, we consider multi-qubit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-07 Nirupam Basak , Goutam Paul , Pritam Chattopadhyay

Near-term quantum computers have been built as intermediate-scale quantum devices and are fragile against quantum noise effects, namely, NISQ devices. Traditional quantum-error-correcting codes are not implemented on such devices and to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-18 Yusuke Hama , Hirofumi Nishi

Quantum error correction (QEC) aims to protect logical qubits from noises by utilizing the redundancy of a large Hilbert space, where an error, once it occurs, can be detected and corrected in real time. In most QEC codes, a logical qubit…

Quantum computers promise transformative speedups, but environmental noise destroys their fragile states. Conventional quantum error correction (QEC) encodes information redundantly across physical qubits, yet fails above a threshold of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-11 Hikaru Wakaura , Taiki Tanimae

Quantum computation and communication are important branches of quantum information science. However, noise in realistic quantum devices fundamentally limits the utility of these quantum technologies. A conventional approach towards…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-18 Kyungjoo Noh

Quantum error correction (QEC) is essential for reliable quantum information processing. Targeting a particular error channel, both the encoding and the recovery channel can be optimized through a biconvex optimization to give a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-20 Xuanhui Mao , Qian Xu , Liang Jiang

One-class classification is a fundamental problem in pattern recognition with a wide range of applications. This work presents a semi-supervised quantum machine learning algorithm for such a problem, which we call a variational quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-12 Gunhee Park , Joonsuk Huh , Daniel K. Park

Variational hybrid quantum-classical algorithms (VHQCAs) are near-term algorithms that leverage classical optimization to minimize a cost function, which is efficiently evaluated on a quantum computer. Recently VHQCAs have been proposed for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-07 Kunal Sharma , Sumeet Khatri , M. Cerezo , Patrick J. Coles

Quantum computing offers a potential for algorithmic speedups for applications, such as large-scale simulations in chemistry and physics. However, these speedups must yield results that are sufficiently accurate to predict realistic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-15 Meenambika Gowrishankar , Daniel Claudino , Jerimiah Wright , Travis Humble

Quantum error correcting (QEC) codes protect quantum information from decoherence, as long as error rates fall below critical error thresholds. In general, obtaining thresholds implies simulating the QEC procedure using, in general,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-17 Luis Colmenarez , Ze-Min Huang , Sebastian Diehl , Markus Müller

Quantum error mitigation (QEM) is typically viewed as a suite of practical techniques for today's noisy intermediate-scale quantum devices, with limited relevance once fault-tolerant quantum computers become available. In this work, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-11 Zeyuan Zhou , Shaun Pexton , Aleksander Kubica , Yongshan Ding

Variational hybrid quantum-classical optimization represents one of the most promising avenue to show the advantage of nowadays noisy intermediate-scale quantum computers in solving hard problems, such as finding the minimum-energy state of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-18 Laura Gentini , Alessandro Cuccoli , Stefano Pirandola , Paola Verrucchi , Leonardo Banchi

Quantum computers are highly susceptible to errors due to unintended interactions with their environment. It is crucial to correct these errors without gaining information about the quantum state, which would result in its destruction…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-22 Santiago Lopez , Jonathan Andrade Plascencia , Gabriel N. Perdue

Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) provide a promising approach to achieve quantum advantage in the noisy intermediate-scale quantum era. In this era, quantum computers experience high error rates and quantum error detection and…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2021-09-07 Salonik Resch , Anthony Gutierrez , Joon Suk Huh , Srikant Bharadwaj , Yasuko Eckert , Gabriel Loh , Mark Oskin , Swamit Tannu

Dissipative quantum error correction (QEC) autonomously protects quantum information using engineered dissipation and offers a promising alternative to error correction via measurement and feedback. However, scalability remains a challenge,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-19 Ivan Rojkov , Elias Zapusek , Florentin Reiter

Quantum computation and communication rely on the ability to manipulate quantum states robustly and with high fidelity. Thus, some form of error correction is needed to protect fragile quantum superposition states from corruption by…

In this work we put forward the inclusion of error mitigation routines in the process of training Variational Quantum Circuit (VQC) models. In detail, we define a Real Time Quantum Error Mitigation (RTQEM) algorithm to assist in fitting…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-30 Matteo Robbiati , Alejandro Sopena , Andrea Papaluca , Stefano Carrazza