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Reinforcement learning (RL), particularly in sparse reward settings, often requires prohibitively large numbers of interactions with the environment, thereby limiting its applicability to complex problems. To address this, several prior…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-20 Prasoon Goyal , Scott Niekum , Raymond J. Mooney

Enhancing the temporal understanding of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) is essential for advancing long-form video analysis, enabling tasks such as temporal localization, action detection, and time-sensitive question answering.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Tao Wu , Li Yang , Gen Zhan , Yabin Zhang , Yiting Liao , Junlin Li , Deliang Fu , Li Zhang , Limin Wang

Deep reinforcement learning has been shown to be a powerful framework for learning policies from complex high-dimensional sensory inputs to actions in complex tasks, such as the Atari domain. In this paper, we explore output representation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-06-16 Ishan P. Durugkar , Clemens Rosenbaum , Stefan Dernbach , Sridhar Mahadevan

In this paper, we propose a multi-timescale replay (MTR) buffer for improving continual learning in RL agents faced with environments that are changing continuously over time at timescales that are unknown to the agent. The basic MTR buffer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-17 Christos Kaplanis , Claudia Clopath , Murray Shanahan

Training robots for operation in the real world is a complex, time consuming and potentially expensive task. Despite significant success of reinforcement learning in games and simulations, research in real robot applications has not been…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-09-28 Markus Wulfmeier , Ingmar Posner , Pieter Abbeel

Recently, various auxiliary tasks have been proposed to accelerate representation learning and improve sample efficiency in deep reinforcement learning (RL). However, existing auxiliary tasks do not take the characteristics of RL problems…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-23 Guoqing Liu , Chuheng Zhang , Li Zhao , Tao Qin , Jinhua Zhu , Jian Li , Nenghai Yu , Tie-Yan Liu

LLM agents increasingly operate in open-ended environments spanning hundreds of sequential episodes, yet they remain largely stateless: each task is solved from scratch without converting past experience into better future behavior. The…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Wujiang Xu , Jiaojiao Han , Minghao Guo , Kai Mei , Xi Zhu , Han Zhang , Dimitris N. Metaxas

We propose an automata-theoretic approach for reinforcement learning (RL) under complex spatio-temporal constraints with time windows. The problem is formulated using a Markov decision process under a bounded temporal logic constraint.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-01 Xiaoshan Lin , Abbasali Koochakzadeh , Yasin Yazicioglu , Derya Aksaray

Reinforcement learning has been successful across several applications in which agents have to learn to act in environments with sparse feedback. However, despite this empirical success there is still a lack of theoretical understanding of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-11-08 Blake Bordelon , Paul Masset , Henry Kuo , Cengiz Pehlevan

Explicit engineering of reward functions for given environments has been a major hindrance to reinforcement learning methods. While Inverse Reinforcement Learning (IRL) is a solution to recover reward functions from demonstrations only,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-24 David Venuto , Jhelum Chakravorty , Leonard Boussioux , Junhao Wang , Gavin McCracken , Doina Precup

Agents that can learn to imitate given video observation -- \emph{without direct access to state or action information} are more applicable to learning in the natural world. However, formulating a reinforcement learning (RL) agent that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-14 Glen Berseth , Florian Golemo , Christopher Pal

Aligning Large Language Models (LLMs) is crucial for enhancing their safety and utility. However, existing methods, primarily based on preference datasets, face challenges such as noisy labels, high annotation costs, and privacy concerns.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Hao Sun , Mihaela van der Schaar

Human actions are based on the mental perception of the environment. Even when all the aspects of an environment are not visible, humans have an internal mental model that can generalize the partially visible scenes to fully constructed and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Usama Younus , Vinoj Jayasundara , Shivam Mishra , Suleyman Aslan

Contrastive language-audio pretraining~(CLAP) has been developed to align the representations of audio and language, achieving remarkable performance in retrieval and classification tasks. However, current CLAP struggles to capture temporal…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Yi Yuan , Zhuo Chen , Xubo Liu , Haohe Liu , Xuenan Xu , Dongya Jia , Yuanzhe Chen , Mark D. Plumbley , Wenwu Wang

We study reinforcement learning (RL) problems in which agents observe the reward or transition realizations at their current state before deciding which action to take. Such observations are available in many applications, including…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Nadav Merlis

Continual learning systems are increasingly deployed in environments where retraining or reset is infeasible, yet many approaches emphasize task performance rather than the evolution of internal representations over time. In this work, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Vishnu Subramanian

Learning from self-sampled data and sparse environmental feedback remains a fundamental challenge in training self-evolving agents. Temporal credit assignment mitigates this issue by transforming sparse feedback into dense supervision…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Wen-Tse Chen , Jiayu Chen , Fahim Tajwar , Hao Zhu , Xintong Duan , Ruslan Salakhutdinov , Jeff Schneider

The goal of few-shot video classification is to learn a classification model with good generalization ability when trained with only a few labeled videos. However, it is difficult to learn discriminative feature representations for videos…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-01-03 Fei Pan , Chunlei Xu , Jie Guo , Yanwen Guo

Unsupervised object-centric learning from videos is a promising approach to extract structured representations from large, unlabeled collections of videos. To support downstream tasks like autonomous control, these representations must be…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Anna Manasyan , Maximilian Seitzer , Filip Radovic , Georg Martius , Andrii Zadaianchuk

An oft-ignored challenge of real-world reinforcement learning is that the real world does not pause when agents make learning updates. As standard simulated environments do not address this real-time aspect of learning, most available…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-04-01 Yufeng Yuan , A. Rupam Mahmood