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Deep learning and deep architectures are emerging as the best machine learning methods so far in many practical applications such as reducing the dimensionality of data, image classification, speech recognition or object segmentation. In…
Machine Learning algorithms have had a profound impact on the field of computer science over the past few decades. These algorithms performance is greatly influenced by the representations that are derived from the data in the learning…
Automatic evaluation of essay (AES) and also called automatic essay scoring has become a severe problem due to the rise of online learning and evaluation platforms such as Coursera, Udemy, Khan academy, and so on. Researchers have recently…
Recent works using artificial neural networks based on word distributed representation greatly boost the performance of various natural language learning tasks, especially question answering. Though, they also carry along with some…
Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) has undergone a profound transformation over the past decade, driven by advances in deep learning. This survey provides a comprehensive overview of the modern era of ASR, charting its evolution from…
Automated grading has become an essential tool in education technology due to its ability to efficiently assess large volumes of student work, provide consistent and unbiased evaluations, and deliver immediate feedback to enhance learning.…
Deep learning, a branch of artificial intelligence, is a data-driven method that uses multiple layers of interconnected units or neurons to learn intricate patterns and representations directly from raw input data. Empowered by this…
Auditory Attention Decoding (AAD) algorithms play a crucial role in isolating desired sound sources within challenging acoustic environments directly from brain activity. Although recent research has shown promise in AAD using shallow…
Traditional approaches to automatic emotion recognition are relying on the application of handcrafted features. More recently however the advent of deep learning enabled algorithms to learn meaningful representations of input data…
The past decade has seen a remarkable series of advances in machine learning, and in particular deep learning approaches based on artificial neural networks, to improve our abilities to build more accurate systems across a broad range of…
Automated short answer scoring (ASAS) is shifting from discriminative, fine-tuned models to large language models (LLMs) used in few-shot settings. This paradigm leverages LLMs broad world knowledge and ease of deployment, but limited…
Automatic essay grading (AEG) has attracted the the attention of the NLP community because of its applications to several educational applications, such as scoring essays, short answers, etc. AEG systems can save significant time and money…
Learning vector representation for words is an important research field which may benefit many natural language processing tasks. Two limitations exist in nearly all available models, which are the bias caused by the context definition and…
Self-supervised representation learning methods aim to provide powerful deep feature learning without the requirement of large annotated datasets, thus alleviating the annotation bottleneck that is one of the main barriers to practical…
In recent years, there has been a growing interest in using Artificial Intelligence (AI) to automate student assessment in education. Among different types of assessments, summative assessments play a crucial role in evaluating a student's…
We propose a new active learning (AL) method for text classification with convolutional neural networks (CNNs). In AL, one selects the instances to be manually labeled with the aim of maximizing model performance with minimal effort. Neural…
Deep learning expresses a category of machine learning algorithms that have the capability to combine raw inputs into intermediate features layers. These deep learning algorithms have demonstrated great results in different fields. Deep…
Open-ended short-answer questions (SAGs) have been widely recognized as a powerful tool for providing deeper insights into learners' responses in the context of learning analytics (LA). However, SAGs often present challenges in practice due…
The surge of social media use brings huge demand of multilingual sentiment analysis (MSA) for unveiling cultural difference. So far, traditional methods resorted to machine translation---translating texts in other languages to English, and…
Open-ended questions, which require students to produce multi-word, nontrivial responses, are a popular tool for formative assessment as they provide more specific insights into what students do and don't know. However, grading open-ended…