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We propose a novel training strategy for Tacotron-based text-to-speech (TTS) system to improve the expressiveness of speech. One of the key challenges in prosody modeling is the lack of reference that makes explicit modeling difficult. The…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-04-13 Rui Liu , Berrak Sisman , Guanglai Gao , Haizhou Li

Current strategies for achieving fine-grained prosody control in speech synthesis entail extracting additional style embeddings or adopting more complex architectures. To enable zero-shot application of pretrained text-to-speech (TTS)…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-08 Perry Lam , Huayun Zhang , Nancy F. Chen , Berrak Sisman , Dorien Herremans

With the advent of high-quality speech synthesis, there is a lot of interest in controlling various prosodic attributes of speech. Speaking rate is an essential attribute towards modelling the expressivity of speech. In this work, we…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-16 Jesuraj Bandekar , Sathvik Udupa , Abhayjeet Singh , Anjali Jayakumar , Deekshitha G , Sandhya Badiger , Saurabh Kumar , Pooja VH , Prasanta Kumar Ghosh

This paper proposes a hierarchical, fine-grained and interpretable latent variable model for prosody based on the Tacotron 2 text-to-speech model. It achieves multi-resolution modeling of prosody by conditioning finer level representations…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-02-11 Guangzhi Sun , Yu Zhang , Ron J. Weiss , Yuan Cao , Heiga Zen , Yonghui Wu

Voice conversion (VC) aims to modify the speaker's timbre while retaining speech content. Previous approaches have tokenized the outputs from self-supervised into semantic tokens, facilitating disentanglement of speech content information.…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-09-11 Zhengyang Chen , Shuai Wang , Mingyang Zhang , Xuechen Liu , Junichi Yamagishi , Yanmin Qian

Modern neural TTS systems are capable of generating natural and expressive speech when provided with sufficient amounts of training data. Such systems can be equipped with prosody-control functionality, allowing for more direct shaping of…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-21 Slava Shechtman , Raul Fernandez

Text-to-Speech (TTS) models can generate natural, human-like speech across multiple languages by transforming phonemes into waveforms. However, multilingual TTS remains challenging due to discrepancies in phoneme vocabularies and variations…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-04-14 Haowei Lou , Hye-young Paik , Sheng Li , Wen Hu , Lina Yao

Large Language Models (LLMs) are one of the most promising technologies for the next era of speech generation systems, due to their scalability and in-context learning capabilities. Nevertheless, they suffer from multiple stability issues…

The control of perceptual voice qualities in a text-to-speech (TTS) system is of interest for applications where unmanipu- lated and manipulated speech probes can serve to illustrate pho- netic concepts that are otherwise difficult to…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-10 Frederik Rautenberg , Fritz Seebauer , Jana Wiechmann , Michael Kuhlmann , Petra Wagner , Reinhold Haeb-Umbach

One-shot voice conversion (VC), which performs conversion across arbitrary speakers with only a single target-speaker utterance for reference, can be effectively achieved by speech representation disentanglement. Existing work generally…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-07-22 Disong Wang , Liqun Deng , Yu Ting Yeung , Xiao Chen , Xunying Liu , Helen Meng

The zero-shot text-to-speech (TTS) method, based on speaker embeddings extracted from reference speech using self-supervised learning (SSL) speech representations, can reproduce speaker characteristics very accurately. However, this…

Controllable speech synthesis refers to the precise control of speaking style by manipulating specific prosodic and paralinguistic attributes, such as gender, volume, speech rate, pitch, and pitch fluctuation. With the integration of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Ziyu Zhang , Hanzhao Li , Jingbin Hu , Wenhao Li , Lei Xie

Human speech can be characterized by different components, including semantic content, speaker identity and prosodic information. Significant progress has been made in disentangling representations for semantic content and speaker identity…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-09-27 Leyuan Qu , Taihao Li , Cornelius Weber , Theresa Pekarek-Rosin , Fuji Ren , Stefan Wermter

Prosody modeling is important, but still challenging in expressive voice conversion. As prosody is difficult to model, and other factors, e.g., speaker, environment and content, which are entangled with prosody in speech, should be removed…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-01-04 Wendong Gan , Bolong Wen , Ying Yan , Haitao Chen , Zhichao Wang , Hongqiang Du , Lei Xie , Kaixuan Guo , Hai Li

State-of-the-art Variational Auto-Encoders (VAEs) for learning disentangled latent representations give impressive results in discovering features like pitch, pause duration, and accent in speech data, leading to highly controllable…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-05-11 Shakti Kumar , Jithin Pradeep , Hussain Zaidi

Vector Quantization (VQ) is a method for discretizing latent representations and has become a major part of the deep learning toolkit. It has been theoretically and empirically shown that discretization of representations leads to improved…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-04 Dianbo Liu , Alex Lamb , Xu Ji , Pascal Notsawo , Mike Mozer , Yoshua Bengio , Kenji Kawaguchi

Unsupervised Zero-Shot Voice Conversion (VC) aims to modify the speaker characteristic of an utterance to match an unseen target speaker without relying on parallel training data. Recently, self-supervised learning of speech representation…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-02-14 Trung Dang , Dung Tran , Peter Chin , Kazuhito Koishida

Machine-generated speech is characterized by its limited or unnatural emotional variation. Current text to speech systems generates speech with either a flat emotion, emotion selected from a predefined set, average variation learned from…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-11-10 Sarath Sivaprasad , Saiteja Kosgi , Vineet Gandhi

Text-to-speech (TTS) has advanced from generating natural-sounding speech to enabling fine-grained control over attributes like emotion, timbre, and style. Driven by rising industrial demand and breakthroughs in deep learning, e.g.,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Tianxin Xie , Yan Rong , Pengfei Zhang , Wenwu Wang , Li Liu

Speech quality estimation has recently undergone a paradigm shift from human-hearing expert designs to machine-learning models. However, current models rely mainly on supervised learning, which is time-consuming and expensive for label…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Szu-Wei Fu , Kuo-Hsuan Hung , Yu Tsao , Yu-Chiang Frank Wang