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Understanding the behaviour of heuristic search methods is a challenge. This even holds for simple local search methods such as 2-OPT for the Traveling Salesperson problem. In this paper, we present a general framework that is able to…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-06-01 Wanru Gao , Samadhi Nallaperuma , Frank Neumann

In this paper, we will propose convex layers to the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP). Firstly, we will focus on human performance on the TSP. Experimental data shows that untrained humans appear to have the ability to perform well in the…

Other Computer Science · Computer Science 2012-04-12 Sing Liew

In this paper we present a variational algorithm for the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) that combines (i) a compact encoding of permutations, which reduces the qubit requirement too, (ii) an optimize-freeze-reuse strategy: where the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Fabrizio Fagiolo , Nicolò Vescera

Multi Expression Programming (MEP) is an evolutionary technique that may be used for solving computationally difficult problems. MEP uses a linear solution representation. Each MEP individual is a string encoding complex expressions…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-09-09 Mihai Oltean , D. Dumitrescu

This paper introduces a computational method for generating metric Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP) instances having a large integrality gap. The method is based on the solution of an integer programming problem, called IH-OPT, that takes…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-02-08 Eleonora Vercesi , Stefano Gualandi , Monaldo Mastrolilli , Luca Maria Gambardella

The cutting plane method is an augmentative constrained optimization procedure that is often used with continuous-domain optimization techniques such as linear and convex programs. We investigate the viability of a similar idea within…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-08-21 Siamak Ravanbakhsh , Reihaneh Rabbany , Russell Greiner

While research in robust optimization has attracted considerable interest over the last decades, its algorithmic development has been hindered by several factors. One of them is a missing set of benchmark instances that make algorithm…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-02-11 Marc Goerigk , Stephen J. Maher

This article describes counter example prepared in order to prove that linear formulation of TSP problem proposed in [arXiv:0803.4354] is incorrect (it applies also to QAP problem formulation in [arXiv:0802.4307]). Article refers not only…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2008-06-02 Radoslaw Hofman

The Travelling Salesman and its variations are some of the most well known NP hard optimisation problems. This paper looks to use both centralised and decentralised implementations of Evolutionary Algorithms (EA) to solve a dynamic variant…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-06-14 Thomas E. Kent , Arthur G. Richards

Efficient utilization of cooperating robots in the assembly of aircraft structures relies on balancing the workload of the robots and ensuring collision-free scheduling. We cast this problem as that of allocating a large number of…

For several combinatorial optimization problems over random structures, the theory of local weak convergence from probability and the cavity method from statistical physics can be used to deduce a recursive equation for the distribution of…

Probability · Mathematics 2014-05-07 Mustafa Khandwawala

Next-day delivery logistics services are redefining the industry by increasingly focusing on customer service. A challenge each logistics service provider faces is to jointly optimize time window assignment and vehicle routing for such…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-01-27 Sifa Celik , Layla Martin , Albert H. Schrotenboer , Tom Van Woensel

Recently, deep reinforcement learning (DRL) models have shown promising results in solving NP-hard Combinatorial Optimization (CO) problems. However, most DRL solvers can only scale to a few hundreds of nodes for combinatorial optimization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-26 Ruizhong Qiu , Zhiqing Sun , Yiming Yang

In this paper, we propose TauRieL and target Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) since it has broad applicability in theoretical and applied sciences. TauRieL utilizes an actor-critic inspired architecture that adopts ordinary feedforward nets…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-15 Gorker Alp Malazgirt , Osman S. Unsal , Adrian Cristal Kestelman

Combinatorial optimization problems are foundational challenges in fields such as artificial intelligence, logistics, and network design. Traditional algorithms, including greedy methods and dynamic programming, often struggle to balance…

The Generalised Travelling Salesman Problem (GTSP) is a well-known problem that, among other applications, arises in warehouse order picking, where each stock is distributed between several locations -- a typical approach in large modern…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-08-12 Olegs Nalivajevs , Daniel Karapetyan

The Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) is a prototypical combinatorial optimization problem, but its quantum implementation is limited by the O(n^2)-qubit overhead of standard one-hot encodings. Here, we propose a resource-efficient…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-04 Yuefeng Lin , Chao Zheng , Cong Guo

The Traveling Salesperson Problem (TSP) is a fundamental NP-hard optimisation challenge with widespread applications in logistics, operations research, and network design. While classical algorithms effectively solve small to medium-sized…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-04 Christos Lytrosyngounis , Ioannis Lytrosyngounis

In many real-world settings, problem instances that need to be solved are quite similar, and knowledge from previous optimization runs can potentially be utilized. We explore this for the Traveling Salesperson problem with time windows…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Hy Nguyen , Thanh Nguyen Pham , Helen Yuliana Angmalisang , Liam Wigney , Frank Neumann

We present approximation algorithms for almost all variants of the multi-criteria traveling salesman problem (TSP). First, we devise randomized approximation algorithms for multi-criteria maximum traveling salesman problems (Max-TSP). For…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2011-07-14 Bodo Manthey