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Very high-energy (VHE) detected flat-spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs) are relatively few despite being the most persistent bright MeV-GeV sources. Focusing on VHE emission, we investigated the spectral and temporal properties of VHE-detected…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-12-03 Megha , Pankaj Kushwaha

The very high-energy (VHE; $>$100 GeV) radiation carries the signatures of the matter-energy interaction in some of the most extreme astrophysical environments. Considering broad emission line blazars, i.e., flat spectrum radio quasars…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-08-26 Vaidehi S. Paliya , Markus Bottcher , Kiran Wani , P. N. Naseef Mohammed , C. S. Stalin , S. Sahayanathan , D. J. Saikia , S. Muneer

The recent detection of very high energy (VHE) emissions from flat spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs) at high redshifts has revealed that the universe is more transparent to VHE $\gamma$-rays than it was expected. It has also questioned the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-12-12 Athar A. Dar , Sunder Sahayanathan , Zahir Shah , Naseer Iqbal

Very high energy (VHE, energy $E \gtrsim 100$\,GeV) \gamma-rays from cosmological sources are attenuated due to the interaction with photons of the extragalactic background light (EBL) in the ultraviolet to infrared wavelength band. The…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2014-09-05 Manuel Meyer , Martin Raue , Daniel Mazin , Dieter Horns

Flat-spectrum radio-quasars (FSRQs) are rarely detected at very-high-energies (VHE; E>100 GeV) due to their low-frequency-peaked SEDs. At present, only 6 FSRQs are known to emit VHE photons, representing only 7% of the VHE extragalactic…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-01-29 H. E. S. S. Collaboration , : , H. Abdalla , R. Adam , F. Aharonian , F. Ait Benkhali , E. O. Angüner , M. Arakawa , C. Arcaro , C. Armand , H. Ashkar , M. Backes , V. Barbosa Martins , M. Barnard , Y. Becherini , D. Berge , K. Bernlöhr , R. Blackwell , M. Böttcher , C. Boisson , J. Bolmont , S. Bonnefoy , J. Bregeon , M. Breuhaus , F. Brun , P. Brun , M. Bryan , M. Büchele , T. Bulik , T. Bylund , M. Capasso , S. Caroff , A. Carosi , S. Casanova , M. Cerruti , T. Chand , S. Chandra , A. Chen , S. Colafrancesco , M. Curylo , I. D. Davids , C. Deil , J. Devin , P. deWilt , L. Dirson , A. Djannati-Ataï , A. Dmytriiev , A. Donath , V. Doroshenko , L. O'C. Drury , J. Dyks , K. Egberts , G. Emery , J. -P. Ernenwein , S. Eschbach , K. Feijen , S. Fegan , A. Fiasson , G. Fontaine , S. Funk , M. Füßling , S. Gabici , Y. A. Gallant , F. Gaté , G. Giavitto , D. Glawion , J. F. Glicenstein , D. Gottschall , M. -H. Grondin , J. Hahn , M. Haupt , G. Heinzelmann , G. Henri , G. Hermann , J. A. Hinton , W. Hofmann , C. Hoischen , T. L. Holch , M. Holler , D. Horns , D. Huber , H. Iwasaki , M. Jamrozy , D. Jankowsky , F. Jankowsky , A. Jardin-Blicq , I. Jung-Richardt , M. A. Kastendieck , K. Katarzynski , M. Katsuragawa , U. Katz , D. Khangulyan , B. Khélifi , J. King , S. Klepser , W. Kluzniak , Nu. Komin , K. Kosack , D. Kostunin , M. Kraus , G. Lamanna , J. Lau , A. Lemière , M. Lemoine-Goumard , J. -P. Lenain , E. Leser , C. Levy , T. Lohse , I. Lypova , J. Mackey , J. Majumdar , D. Malyshev , V. Marandon , A. Marcowith , A. Mares , C. Mariaud , G. Martí-Devesa , R. Marx , G. Maurin , P. J. Meintjes , A. M. W. Mitchell , R. Moderski , M. Mohamed , L. Mohrmann , J. Muller , C. Moore , E. Moulin , T. Murach , S. Nakashima , M. de Naurois , H. Ndiyavala , F. Niederwanger , J. Niemiec , L. Oakes , P. O'Brien , H. Odaka , S. Ohm , E. de Oña Wilhelmi , M. Ostrowski , I. Oya , M. Panter , R. D. Parsons , C. Perennes , P. -O. Petrucci , B. Peyaud , Q. Piel , S. Pita , V. Poireau , A. Priyana Noel , D. A. Prokhorov , H. Prokoph , G. Pühlhofer , M. Punch , A. Quirrenbach , S. Raab , R. Rauth , A. Reimer , O. Reimer , Q. Remy , M. Renaud , F. Rieger , L. Rinchiuso , C. Romoli , G. Rowell , B. Rudak , E. Ruiz-Velasco , V. Sahakian , S. Saito , D. A. Sanchez , A. Santangelo , M. Sasaki , R. Schlickeiser , F. Schüssler , A. Schulz , H. Schutte , U. Schwanke , S. Schwemmer , M. Seglar-Arroyo , M. Senniappan , A. S. Seyffert , N. Shafi , K. Shiningayamwe , R. Simoni , A. Sinha , H. Sol , A. Specovius , M. Spir-Jacob , L. Stawarz , R. Steenkamp , C. Stegmann , C. Steppa , T. Takahashi , T. Tavernier , A. M. Taylor , R. Terrier , D. Tiziani , M. Tluczykont , C. Trichard , M. Tsirou , N. Tsuji , R. Tuffs , Y. Uchiyama , D. J. van der Walt , C. van Eldik , C. van Rensburg , B. van Soelen , G. Vasileiadis , J. Veh , C. Venter , P. Vincent , J. Vink , F. Voisin , H. J. Völk , T. Vuillaume , Z. Wadiasingh , S. J. Wagner , R. White , A. Wierzcholska , R. Yang , H. Yoneda , M. Zacharias , R. Zanin , A. A. Zdziarski , A. Zech , A. Ziegler , J. Zorn , N. Zywucka , P. S. Smith

Flat Spectrum Radio Quasars (FSRQs) are weak sources of very high energy (VHE; E>100 GeV) emission, despite exhibiting strong MeV-GeV emissions that dominate their radiative output. To date, only ten FSRQs have been detected at VHEs,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-04-15 Lekshmi Dathan , Pankaj Kushwaha

We present results from a deep VERITAS exposure of the distant (z=0.89) flat-spectrum radio quasar (FSRQ) 4C +55.17. The high flux, hard index and steady emission found by Fermi LAT observations make this blazar a promising very-high-energy…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2013-03-06 Amy Furniss , William McConville

Flat spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs) constitute a class of jetted active galaxies characterized by a very luminous accretion disk, prominent and rapidly moving line-emitting cloud structures (Broad Line Region, BLR), and a surrounding dense…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-09-16 MAGIC Collaboration

We study the possible detection of and properties of very high-energy (VHE) gamma-ray emission (in the energy band above 100 GeV) from high redshift sources. We report on the detection of VHE gamma-ray flux from blazars with redshifts…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-08-20 A. Neronov , D. V. Semikoz , A. M. Taylor , Ie. Vovk

The blazar PKS 1510-089 was the first of the flat spectrum radio quasar type, which had been detected simultaneously by a ground based Cherenkov telescope (H.E.S.S.) and the LAT instrument on board the Fermi satellite. Given the strong…

Very high energy (VHE, E > 30 GeV) gamma-rays are absorbed via interaction with low-energy photons from the extragalactic background light (EBL) if the involved photon energies are above the threshold for electron-positron pair creation.…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 D. Mazin

The bright gamma-ray quasar 4C +55.17 is a distant source ($z = 0.896$) with a hard spectrum at GeV energies as observed by the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on board the {{\it Fermi}} satellite. This source is identified as a good source…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-18 MAGIC Collaboration , J. Aleksić , S. Ansoldi , L. A. Antonelli , P. Antoranz , A. Babic , P. Bangale , U. Barres de Almeida , J. A. Barrio , J. Becerra González , W. Bednarek , K. Berger , E. Bernardini , A. Biland , O. Blanch , R. K. Bock , S. Bonnefoy , G. Bonnoli , F. Borracci , T. Bretz , E. Carmona , A. Carosi , D. Carreto Fidalgo , P. Colin , E. Colombo , J. L. Contreras , J. Cortina , S. Covino , P. Da Vela , F. Dazzi , A. De Angelis , G. De Caneva , B. De Lotto , C. Delgado Mendez , M. Doert , A. Domínguez , D. Dominis Prester , D. Dorner , M. Doro , S. Einecke , D. Eisenacher , D. Elsaesser , E. Farina , D. Ferenc , M. V. Fonseca , L. Font , K. Frantzen , C. Fruck , R. J. García López , M. Garczarczyk , D. Garrido Terrats , M. Gaug , G. Giavitto , N. Godinović , A. González Mu\ noz , S. R. Gozzini , D. Hadasch , M. Hayashida , A. Herrero , D. Hildebrand , J. Hose , D. Hrupec , W. Idec , V. Kadenius , H. Kellermann , M. L. Knoetig , K. Kodani , Y. Konno , J. Krause , H. Kubo , J. Kushida , A. La Barbera , D. Lelas , N. Lewandowska , E. Lindfors , S. Lombardi , M. López , R. López-Coto , A. López-Oramas , E. Lorenz , I. Lozano , M. Makariev , K. Mallot , G. Maneva , N. Mankuzhiyil , K. Mannheim , L. Maraschi , B. Marcote , M. Mariotti , M. Martínez , D. Mazin , U. Menzel , M. Meucci , J. M. Miranda , R. Mirzoyan , A. Moralejo , P. Munar-Adrover , D. Nakajima , A. Niedzwiecki , K. Nilsson , K. Nishijima , N. Nowak , R. Orito , A. Overkemping , S. Paiano , M. Palatiello , D. Paneque , R. Paoletti , J. M. Paredes , X. Paredes-Fortuny , S. Partini , M. Persic , F. Prada , P. G. Prada Moroni , E. Prandini , S. Preziuso , I. Puljak , R. Reinthal , W. Rhode , M. Ribó , J. Rico , J. Rodriguez Garcia , S. Rügamer , A. Saggion , T. Saito , K. Saito , M. Salvati , K. Satalecka , V. Scalzotto , V. Scapin , C. Schultz , T. Schweizer , S. N. Shore , A. Sillanpää , J. Sitarek , I. Snidaric , D. Sobczynska , F. Spanier , V. Stamatescu , A. Stamerra , T. Steinbring , J. Storz , S. Sun , T. Surić , L. Takalo , H. Takami , F. Tavecchio , P. Temnikov , T. Terzić , D. Tescaro , M. Teshima , J. Thaele , O. Tibolla , D. F. Torres , T. Toyama , A. Treves , P. Vogler , R. M. Wagner , F. Zandanel , R. Zanin

Flat spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs) are a particular class of blazars rich of optical/ultraviolet photons inside the broad line region (BLR), necessarily implying a huge optical depth for $\gamma$ rays above 20 GeV. As a consequence,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2014-09-16 Giorgio Galanti , Marco Roncadelli , Fabrizio Tavecchio , Giacomo Bonnoli

One of the mysteries of very-high-energy (VHE) astrophysics is the observation of flat spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs) above about 30 GeV, because at those energies their broad line region should prevent photons produced by the central…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2013-10-11 Marco Roncadelli , Giorgio Galanti , Fabrizio Tavecchio , Giacomo Bonnoli

Flat spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs) have been detected at TeV energies by ground-based atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes mainly during flaring states. VERITAS is carrying out the first systematic and unbiased search for TeV emissions from a…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-08-23 Sonal R. Patel

The prospects for future blazar surveys by next-generation very high energy (VHE) gamma-ray telescopes, such as Advanced Gamma-ray Imaging System (AGIS) and Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA), are investigated using the latest model of blazar…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-05-18 Yoshiyuki Inoue , Tomonori Totani , Masaki Mori

Observations of distant sources of high-energy (HE) gamma-rays are affected by attenuation resulting from the interaction of the gamma-rays with low energy photons from the diffuse meta-galactic radiation fields at ultraviolet (UV) to…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2011-08-12 Martin Raue

Very high energy (VHE, E >100 GeV) gamma-rays are absorbed via interaction with low-energy photons from the extragalactic background light (EBL) if the involved photon energies are above the threshold for electron-positron pair creation.…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-08-14 Daniel Mazin , Martin Raue , Bagmeet Behera , Susumu Inoue , Yoshiyuki Inoue , Takeshi Nakamori , Tomonori Totani

Flat Spectrum Radio Quasars (FSRQ) are the most powerful blazars in the gamma-ray band. Although they are supposed to be good candidates in producing high energy neutrinos, no secure detection of FSRQs has been obtained up to now, except…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-10-14 C. Righi , A. Palladino , F. Tavecchio , F. Vissani
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