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As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in consequential decision-making contexts, systematically assessing their ethical reasoning capabilities becomes a critical imperative. This paper introduces the Priorities in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Chad Coleman , W. Russell Neuman , Ali Dasdan , Safinah Ali , Manan Shah

Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have enabled human-like responses across various tasks, raising questions about their ethical decision-making capabilities and potential biases. This study systematically evaluates how nine…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Wentao Xu , Yile Yan , Yuqi Zhu

Why should moral philosophers, moral psychologists, and machine ethicists care about computational complexity? Debates on whether artificial intelligence (AI) can or should be used to solve problems in ethical domains have mainly been…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2023-02-09 Jakob Stenseke

A natural way to resolve different points of view and form opinions is through exchanging arguments and knowledge. Facing the vast amount of available information on the internet, people tend to focus on information consistent with their…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Klaus Weber , Annalena Aicher , Wolfang Minker , Stefan Ultes , Elisabeth André

ETHICS is probably the most-cited dataset for testing the ethical capabilities of language models. Drawing on moral theory, psychology, and prompt evaluation, we interrogate the validity of the ETHICS benchmark. Adding to prior work, our…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Leif Hancox-Li , Borhane Blili-Hamelin

This paper presents a theoretical framework for the AI ethical resonance hypothesis, which proposes that advanced AI systems with purposefully designed cognitive structures ("ethical resonators") may emerge with the ability to identify…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Tomasz Zgliczyński-Cuber

The deployment and use of AI systems should be both safe and broadly ethically acceptable. The principles-based ethics assurance argument pattern is one proposal in the AI ethics landscape that seeks to support and achieve that aim. The…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Marten H. L. Kaas , Zoe Porter , Ernest Lim , Aisling Higham , Sarah Khavandi , Ibrahim Habli

Moral dilemmas play an important role in theorizing both about ethical norms and moral psychology. Yet thought experiments borrowed from the philosophical literature often lack the nuances and complexity of real life. We leverage 100,000…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2022-04-01 Tuan Dung Nguyen , Georgiana Lyall , Alasdair Tran , Minjeong Shin , Nicholas George Carroll , Colin Klein , Lexing Xie

Moral foundation detection is crucial for analyzing social discourse and developing ethically-aligned AI systems. While large language models excel across diverse tasks, their performance on specialized moral reasoning remains unclear. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Maciej Skorski , Alina Landowska

Speech emotions play a crucial role in human-computer interaction, shaping engagement and context-aware communication. Despite recent advances in spoken dialogue systems, a holistic system for evaluating emotional reasoning is still…

Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications are being used to predict and assess behaviour in multiple domains, such as criminal justice and consumer finance, which directly affect human well-being. However, if AI is to improve people's…

Other Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-06-12 Andrea Aler Tubella , Andreas Theodorou , Virginia Dignum , Frank Dignum

Most existing dialogue systems fail to respond properly to potentially unsafe user utterances by either ignoring or passively agreeing with them. To address this issue, we introduce ProsocialDialog, the first large-scale multi-turn dialogue…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-26 Hyunwoo Kim , Youngjae Yu , Liwei Jiang , Ximing Lu , Daniel Khashabi , Gunhee Kim , Yejin Choi , Maarten Sap

ChatGPT is not only fun to chat with, but it also searches information, answers questions, and gives advice. With consistent moral advice, it might improve the moral judgment and decisions of users, who often hold contradictory moral…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-01-19 Sebastian Krügel , Andreas Ostermaier , Matthias Uhl

This paper describes current progress on developing an ethical architecture for robots that are designed to follow human ethical decision-making processes. We surveyed both regular adults (folks) and ethics experts (experts) on what they…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-06-23 Shengkang Chen , Vidullan Surendran , Alan R. Wagner , Jason Borenstein , Ronald C. Arkin

Numerous toolkits have been developed to support ethical AI development. However, toolkits, like all tools, encode assumptions in their design about what work should be done and how. In this paper, we conduct a qualitative analysis of 27 AI…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-01-24 Richmond Y. Wong , Michael A. Madaio , Nick Merrill

Large language models, e.g. ChatGPT are currently contributing enormously to make artificial intelligence even more popular, especially among the general population. However, such chatbot models were developed as tools to support natural…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Jianlong Zhou , Heimo Müller , Andreas Holzinger , Fang Chen

Many sets of ethics principles for responsible AI have been proposed to allay concerns about misuse and abuse of AI/ML systems. The underlying aspects of such sets of principles include privacy, accuracy, fairness, robustness,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-09-09 Conrad Sanderson , David Douglas , Qinghua Lu

Making moral judgments is an essential step toward developing ethical AI systems. Prevalent approaches are mostly implemented in a bottom-up manner, which uses a large set of annotated data to train models based on crowd-sourced opinions…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Jingyan Zhou , Minda Hu , Junan Li , Xiaoying Zhang , Xixin Wu , Irwin King , Helen Meng

There has been much discourse on the ethics of AI, to the extent that there are now systems that possess inherent moral reasoning. Such machines are now formally known as Artificial Moral Agents or AMAs. However, there is a requirement for…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Aisha Aijaz

We present what we call the Interpretation Problem, whereby any rule in symbolic form is open to infinite interpretation in ways that we might disapprove of and argue that any attempt to build morality into machines is subject to it. We…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-02-08 Cosmin Badea , Gregory Artus