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Related papers: What is the $i\varepsilon$ for the S-matrix?

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Feynman's i-epsilon prescription for quantum field theoretic propagators has a quite natural reinterpretation in terms of a slight complex deformation of the Minkowski spacetime metric. Though originally a strictly flat-space result, once…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-09-07 Matt Visser

We propose a new framework to represent the perturbative S-matrix which is well-defined for all quantum field theories of massless particles, constructed from tree-level amplitudes and integrable term-by-term. This representation is derived…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-02-17 Christian Baadsgaard , N. E. J. Bjerrum-Bohr , Jacob L. Bourjaily , Simon Caron-Huot , Poul H. Damgaard , Bo Feng

You might've heard about various mathematical properties of scattering amplitudes such as analyticity, sheets, branch cuts, discontinuities, etc. What does it all mean? In these lectures, we'll take a guided tour through simple scattering…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-11-20 Sebastian Mizera

This is the 5-th paper in the series devoted to explicit formulating of the rules needed to manage an effective field theory of strong interactions in S-matrix sector. We discuss the principles of constructing the meaningful perturbation…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-11 K. Semenov-Tian-Shansky , A. Vereshagin , V. Vereshagin

Computing a perturbative S-matrix through Feynman series in quantum field theory, the regularization used does not affect the final result. We propose a new approach to construction of the perturbative S-matrices, so that they will depend…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Marijan Ribaric , Luka Sustersic

The traditional $S$-matrix does not exist for theories with massless particles, such as quantum electrodynamics. The difficulty in isolating asymptotic states manifests itself as infrared divergences at each order in perturbation theory.…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-08-25 Holmfridur Hannesdottir , Matthew D. Schwartz

We investigate the analytic structure of scattering amplitudes in theories in which Lorentz invariance is spontaneously broken. We do so by computing and studying the S-matrix for a simple example: a superfluid described by a complex scalar…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-12-15 Lam Hui , Ioanna Kourkoulou , Alberto Nicolis , Alessandro Podo , Shengjia Zhou

S-matrix is one of the fundamental observables of the quantum theory of relativistic particles. There have been attempts to understand the quantum dynamics of relativistic particles abstractly in terms of S-matrix bypassing a Lagrangian…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-11-29 Parthiv Haldar

Feynman diagrams (notably the triangle diagram) involving heavy enough particles contain branch cuts on the physical sheet - anomalous thresholds - which, unlike normal thresholds and bound-state poles, do not correspond to any asymptotic…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-10-07 Miguel Correia

Using unitarity methods, we compute, for several massive two-dimensional models, the cut-constructible part of the one-loop 2->2 scattering S-matrices from the tree-level amplitudes. We apply our method to various integrable theories,…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-15 Lorenzo Bianchi , Valentina Forini , Ben Hoare

We study massive $2 \to 2$ scattering of identical scalar particles in spacetime dimensions 3 to 11 using non-perturbative S-matrix bootstrap techniques. Treating $d$ as a continuous parameter, we compute two-sided numerical bounds on…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-01-01 Mehmet Asim Gumus , Simon Metayer , Piotr Tourkine

We revisit analytical methods for constraining the nonperturbative $S$-matrix of unitary, relativistic, gapped theories in $d \geq 3$ spacetime dimensions. We assume extended analyticity of the two-to-two scattering amplitude and use it…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-06-16 Miguel Correia , Amit Sever , Alexander Zhiboedov

An exponential representation of the S-matrix provides a natural framework for understanding the semi-classical limit of scattering amplitudes. While sharing some similarities with the eikonal formalism it differs from it in details.…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-12-08 Poul H. Damgaard , Ludovic Plante , Pierre Vanhove

The modern S-Matrix Bootstrap provides non-perturbative bounds on low-energy aspects of scattering amplitudes, leveraging the constraints of unitarity, analyticity and crossing. Typically, the solutions saturating such bounds also saturate…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-10-12 António Antunes , Miguel S. Costa , José Pereira

The S-matrix bootstrap maps out the space of S-matrices allowed by analyticity, crossing, unitarity, and other constraints. For the $2\rightarrow 2$ scattering matrix $S_{2\rightarrow 2}$ such space is an infinite dimensional convex space…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-09-15 Yifei He , Martin Kruczenski

The analytic structure of the flat-space S-matrix provides non-perturbative constraints on low-energy effective field theories based on the properties of high-energy theory. While the analytic structure of the flat-space S-matrix is well…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-01-06 Jason Kristiano , Ryo Namba , Atsushi Naruko , Ryo Saito , Daisuke Yamauchi

The adaptation of the Kramers-Kronig dispersion relations to the causal localization structure of QFT led to an important project in particle physics, the only one with a successful closure. The same cannot be said about the subsequent…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-05-27 Bert Schroer

We formulate an S-matrix theory in which localisation effects of the particle interactions involved in a scattering process are consistently taken into account. In the limit of an infinite spread of all interactions, the S-matrix assumes…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-08-16 Dimitrios Karamitros , Apostolos Pilaftsis

The S-matrix in the static limit of a dispersion relation has a finite order N and is a matrix of meromorfic functions of energy in the complex plane with cuts. In the elastic case it reduces to N functions connected by the crossing…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 V. A. Meshcheryakov , D. V. Meshcheryakov

The world-sheet S-matrix of the string in AdS5 x S5 has been shown to admit a q-deformation that relates it to the S-matrix of a generalization of the sine-Gordon theory, which arises as the Pohlmeyer reduction of the superstring. Whilst…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-15 Ben Hoare , Timothy J. Hollowood , J. Luis Miramontes
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