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We study the problem of bounding the posterior distribution of discrete probabilistic programs with unbounded support, loops, and conditioning. Loops pose the main difficulty in this setting: even if exact Bayesian inference is possible,…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Fabian Zaiser , Andrzej S. Murawski , C. -H. Luke Ong

Probabilistic programs provide an expressive representation language for generative models. Given a probabilistic program, we are interested in the task of posterior inference: estimating a latent variable given a set of observed variables.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-01 Mike Wu , Noah Goodman

Probabilistic programs encode stochastic models as ordinary-looking programs with primitives for sampling numbers from predefined distributions and conditioning. Their applications include, among many others, machine learning and modeling…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Dominik Geißler , Tobias Winkler

We present an exact Bayesian inference method for inferring posterior distributions encoded by probabilistic programs featuring possibly unbounded loops. Our method is built on a denotational semantics represented by probability generating…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2024-03-06 Lutz Klinkenberg , Christian Blumenthal , Mingshuai Chen , Darion Haase , Joost-Pieter Katoen

In Bayesian probabilistic programming, a central problem is to estimate the normalised posterior distribution (NPD) of a probabilistic program with conditioning via score (a.k.a. observe) statements. Most previous approaches address this…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2024-08-02 Peixin Wang , Tengshun Yang , Hongfei Fu , Guanyan Li , C. -H. Luke Ong

Coherent lower previsions are general probabilistic models allowing incompletely specified probability distributions. However, for complete description of a coherent lower prevision -- even on finite underlying sample spaces -- an infinite…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-09-29 Damjan Škulj

Probabilistic programming provides a high-level framework for specifying statistical models as executable programs with built-in randomness and conditioning. Existing inference techniques, however, typically compute posterior distributions…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Peixin Wang , Jianhao Bai , Min Zhang , C. -H. Luke Ong

Probabilistic programs are typically normal-looking programs describing posterior probability distributions. They intrinsically code up randomized algorithms and have long been at the heart of modern machine learning and approximate…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Lutz Klinkenberg , Tobias Winkler , Mingshuai Chen , Joost-Pieter Katoen

In application areas where data generation is expensive, Gaussian processes are a preferred supervised learning model due to their high data-efficiency. Particularly in model-based control, Gaussian processes allow the derivation of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-15 Armin Lederer , Jonas Umlauft , Sandra Hirche

Probabilistic programming is the idea of writing models from statistics and machine learning using program notations and reasoning about these models using generic inference engines. Recently its combination with deep learning has been…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2019-11-19 Wonyeol Lee , Hangyeol Yu , Xavier Rival , Hongseok Yang

Sparse variational Gaussian processes (GPs) construct tractable posterior approximations to GP models. At the core of these methods is the assumption that the true posterior distribution over training function values ${\bf f}$ and inducing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Michalis K. Titsias

We present a novel modular approach to infer upper bounds on the expected runtime of probabilistic integer programs automatically. To this end, it computes bounds on the runtime of program parts and on the sizes of their variables in an…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-01-26 Fabian Meyer , Marcel Hark , Jürgen Giesl

In probabilistic programming, the inference problem asks to determine a program's posterior distribution conditioned on its "observe" instructions. Inference is challenging, especially when exact rather than approximate results are…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Dominik Geißler , Tobias Winkler

In this work, we consider the fundamental problem of deriving quantitative bounds on the probability that a given assertion is violated in a probabilistic program. We provide automated algorithms that obtain both lower and upper bounds on…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2020-12-02 Jinyi Wang , Yican Sun , Hongfei Fu , Krishnendu Chatterjee , Amir Kafshdar Goharshady

In the realm of statistical learning, the increasing volume of accessible data and increasing model complexity necessitate robust methodologies. This paper explores two branches of robust Bayesian methods in response to this trend. The…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-12-02 Masahiro Tanaka

Gaussian Processes (GPs) are widely employed in control and learning because of their principled treatment of uncertainty. However, tracking uncertainty for iterative, multi-step predictions in general leads to an analytically intractable…

We present a technique to infer lower bounds on the worst-case runtime complexity of integer programs, where in contrast to earlier work, our approach is not restricted to tail-recursion. Our technique constructs symbolic representations of…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-09-29 Florian Frohn , Matthias Naaf , Marc Brockschmidt , Jürgen Giesl

This paper presents a wp-style calculus for obtaining expectations on the outcomes of (mutually) recursive probabilistic programs. We provide several proof rules to derive one-- and two--sided bounds for such expectations, and show the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2016-03-10 Federico Olmedo , Benjamin Lucien Kaminski , Joost-Pieter Katoen , Christoph Matheja

In variational inference, the benefits of Bayesian models rely on accurately capturing the true posterior distribution. We propose using neural samplers that specify implicit distributions, which are well-suited for approximating complex…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-10 Anshuk Uppal , Kristoffer Stensbo-Smidt , Wouter Boomsma , Jes Frellsen

How can we perform efficient inference and learning in directed probabilistic models, in the presence of continuous latent variables with intractable posterior distributions, and large datasets? We introduce a stochastic variational…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-12-13 Diederik P Kingma , Max Welling
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