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In the Machine Learning (ML) model development lifecycle, training candidate models using an offline holdout dataset and identifying the best model for the given task is only the first step. After the deployment of the selected model,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-20 Jaykumar Kasundra , Claudia Schulz , Melicaalsadat Mirsafian , Stavroula Skylaki

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been adopted and deployed worldwide for a broad variety of applications. However, ensuring their safe use remains a significant challenge. Preference training and safety measures often overfit to harms…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Aakanksha , Arash Ahmadian , Seraphina Goldfarb-Tarrant , Beyza Ermis , Marzieh Fadaee , Sara Hooker

Pre-trained Transformers (\eg BERT) have been commonly used in existing dense retrieval methods for parameter initialization, and recent studies are exploring more effective pre-training tasks for further improving the quality of dense…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Kun Zhou , Xiao Liu , Yeyun Gong , Wayne Xin Zhao , Daxin Jiang , Nan Duan , Ji-Rong Wen

As instruction-tuned large language models (LLMs) gain global adoption, their ability to follow instructions in multiple languages becomes increasingly crucial. In this work, we investigate how multilinguality during instruction tuning of a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-22 Uri Shaham , Jonathan Herzig , Roee Aharoni , Idan Szpektor , Reut Tsarfaty , Matan Eyal

Retrieval models based on dense representations in semantic space have become an indispensable branch for first-stage retrieval. These retrievers benefit from surging advances in representation learning towards compressive global…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-06 Kai Zhang , Chongyang Tao , Tao Shen , Can Xu , Xiubo Geng , Binxing Jiao , Daxin Jiang

As pre-trained models automate many code intelligence tasks, a widely used paradigm is to fine-tune a model on the task dataset for each programming language. A recent study reported that multilingual fine-tuning benefits a range of tasks…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-03-29 Deze Wang , Boxing Chen , Shanshan Li , Wei Luo , Shaoliang Peng , Wei Dong , Xiangke Liao

Deep reinforcement learning (RL) is a powerful approach to complex decision making. However, one issue that limits its practical application is its brittleness, sometimes failing to train in the presence of small changes in the environment.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-27 Jung-Hoon Cho , Vindula Jayawardana , Sirui Li , Cathy Wu

Without any explicit cross-lingual training data, multilingual language models can achieve cross-lingual transfer. One common way to improve this transfer is to perform realignment steps before fine-tuning, i.e., to train the model to build…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Félix Gaschi , Patricio Cerda , Parisa Rastin , Yannick Toussaint

In order for large language models to be useful across the globe, they are fine-tuned to follow instructions on multilingual data. Despite the ubiquity of such post-training, a clear understanding of the dynamics that enable cross-lingual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Luisa Shimabucoro , Ahmet Ustun , Marzieh Fadaee , Sebastian Ruder

While monolingual data has been shown to be useful in improving bilingual neural machine translation (NMT), effectively and efficiently leveraging monolingual data for Multilingual NMT (MNMT) systems is a less explored area. In this work,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-07 Yiren Wang , ChengXiang Zhai , Hany Hassan Awadalla

Despite the extensive success of pretrained language models as encoders for building NLP systems, they haven't seen prominence as decoders for sequence generation tasks. We explore the question of whether these models can be adapted to be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-08-21 Nishant Subramani , Nivedita Suresh

Multilingualism is incredibly common around the world, leading to many important theoretical and practical questions about how children learn multiple languages at once. For example, does multilingual acquisition lead to delays in learning?…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Linda Zeng , Steven Y. Feng , Michael C. Frank

Dense Retrieval (DR) models have proven to be effective for Document Retrieval and Information Grounding tasks. Usually, these models are trained and optimized for improving the relevance of top-ranked documents for a given query. Previous…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Stefano Campese , Alessandro Moschitti , Ivano Lauriola

Bilingual and multilingual language models offer a promising path toward scaling NLP systems across diverse languages and users. However, their performance often varies wildly between languages as prior works show that adding more languages…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Skyler Seto , Maartje ter Hoeve , Maureen de Seyssel , David Grangier

Multilingual Neural Machine Translation approaches are based on the use of task-specific models and the addition of one more language can only be done by retraining the whole system. In this work, we propose a new training schedule that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-07-12 Carlos Escolano , Marta R. Costa-Jussà , José A. R. Fonollosa

In dense retrieval, effective training hinges on selecting high quality hard negatives while avoiding false negatives. Recent methods apply heuristics based on positive document scores to identify hard negatives, improving both performance…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Bongsu Kim

Some Transformer-based models can perform cross-lingual transfer learning: those models can be trained on a specific task in one language and give relatively good results on the same task in another language, despite having been pre-trained…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-20 Félix Gaschi , François Plesse , Parisa Rastin , Yannick Toussaint

Effective and efficient access to relevant information is essential for disaster management. However, no retrieval model is specialized for disaster management, and existing general-domain models fail to handle the varied search intents…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Kai Yin , Xiangjue Dong , Chengkai Liu , Allen Lin , Lingfeng Shi , Ali Mostafavi , James Caverlee

Meta-learning has been shown to have better performance than supervised learning for few-shot monolingual spoken word classification. However, the meta-learning approach remains under-explored in multilingual spoken word classification. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Batsirayi Mupamhi Ziki , Louise Beyers , Ruan van der Merwe

Transfer learning has recently become the dominant paradigm of machine learning. Pre-trained models fine-tuned for downstream tasks achieve better performance with fewer labelled examples. Nonetheless, it remains unclear how to develop…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Jonas Pfeiffer , Sebastian Ruder , Ivan Vulić , Edoardo Maria Ponti