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In general relativity, the picture of spacetime assigns an ideal clock to each worldline. Being ideal, gravitational effects due to these clocks are ignored and the flow of time according to one clock is not affected by the presence of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-05-09 Esteban Castro-Ruiz , Flaminia Giacomini , Časlav Brukner

The conventional nature of synchronisation is discussed in inertial frames, where it is found that theories using different synchronisations are experimentally equivalent to special relativity. In contrary, in accelerated systems only a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Francois Goy

We study the dynamical evolution of two quantum clocks interacting with a relativistic gravitational potential. We find a time dilation effect for the clocks in agreement with the gravitational time dilation as obtained from the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-05-02 Tommaso Favalli , Augusto Smerzi

The description of relativistic effects requires a preliminary definition of events localised in space-time while the clocks used for time definition and the fields used in synchronisation or localisation procedures are necessarily quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-02-27 Marc-Thierry Jaekel , Serge Reynaud

We first present the salient features of the gravitational time dilation and redshift effects in two ways; by considering the oscillation frequencies/rates of clocks at different heights/potentials and by considering the photons emitted by…

General Physics · Physics 2020-01-15 Murat Özer

The theory of relativity associates a proper time with each moving object via its world line. In quantum theory however, such well-defined trajectories are forbidden. After introducing a general characterisation of quantum clocks, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-19 Shishir Khandelwal , Maximilian P. E. Lock , Mischa P. Woods

This work places the invariant $ds^2$ at the center of the gravitational interaction, interpreting it not as a purely geometric object but as the differential of proper time, endowed with direct physical meaning. Starting from the extension…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-03-10 Jaume de Haro

What happens when two synchronized clocks on a rigid beam are both given the exact same acceleration profile? Will they remain synchronized? What if we use a rigid-rod Rindler acceleration profile? The special relativity prediction…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-10-14 K. Arms , Mario Serna

The notion of time is given a different footing in Quantum Mechanics and General Relativity, treated as a parameter in the former and being an observer dependent property in the later. From a operational point of view time is simply the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-05-24 Kiran Khosla , Natacha Altamirano

Einstein's theory of general relativity predicts that a clock at a higher gravitational potential will tick faster than an otherwise identical clock at a lower potential, an effect known as the gravitational redshift. Here we perform a…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2023-07-28 Xin Zheng , Jonathan Dolde , Matthew C. Cambria , Hong Ming Lim , Shimon Kolkowitz

Einstein's special theory of relativity starts with assumptions about how observations conducted in relatively moving inertial frames must compare. From these assumptions, conclusions can be drawn regarding the laws of physics in any one…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2015-07-14 Allan Walstad

Einstein's theory of general relativity states that clocks at different gravitational potentials tick at different rates - an effect known as the gravitational redshift. As fundamental probes of space and time, atomic clocks have long…

The special relativistic test theory of Mansouri and Sexl is sketched. Theories based on different clock synchronisations are found to be equivalent to special relativity, as regards experimental results. The conventionality of clock…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 François Goy

This tutorial, addressing physics teachers and undergraduate students, aims at clarifying some aspects of time in special relativity. In particular, time dilation is usually presented only as the well-known ratio of lab time over proper…

Physics Education · Physics 2023-06-19 Winfried A. Mitaroff

Quantum theory and relativity offer different conceptions of time. To explore the conflict between them, we study a quantum version of the light-clock commonly used to illustrate relativistic time dilation. This semiclassical model combines…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-09-04 Maximilian P. E. Lock , Ivette Fuentes

The precision of optical atomic clocks is approaching a regime where they resolve gravitational time dilation on smaller scales than their own extensions. Hence, an accurate description of quantum clocks has to take their spatial extension…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-05-13 Tupac Bravo , Dennis Rätzel , Ivette Fuentes

For simple electromagnetic models of a rod and a clock, a change of the shape of the rod and of the rate of the clock when they are set in uniform motion is calculated exactly, employing the correct equation of motion of a charged particle…

Classical Physics · Physics 2015-07-01 D. V. Redzic

In this paper I argue for a reassessment of special relativity. The fundamental theory of relativity applicable in this Universe has to be consistent with the existence of the massive Universe, and with the effects of its gravitational…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 C. S. Unnikrishnan

The M\"ossbauer rotor effect recently gained a renewed interest due to the discovery and explanation of an additional effect of clock synchronization which has been missed for about 50 years, i.e. starting from a famous book of Pauli, till…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-03-30 Christian Corda

The gedanken experiment of the clock paradox is solved exactly using the general relativistic equations for a static homogeneous gravitational field. We demonstrate that the general and special relativistic clock paradox solutions are…

Classical Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 Preston Jones , Lucas F. Wanex
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