Related papers: Electric Charge transfer by Four Vector Bosons
A didactic and systematic derivation of Noether point symmetries and conserved currents is put forward in special relativistic field theories, without a priori assumptions about the transformation laws. Given the Lagrangian density, the…
We analyze the motion of an electric charge in the field of a magnetically charged event in three-dimensional spacetime. We start by exhibiting a first integral of the equations of motion in terms of the three conserved components of the…
We study a model of massive photons with a parity invariant and non-local mass term. We identify a discrete symmetry of the classical equations of motion and show that this symmetry can be thought of as an electric-magnetic duality valid…
Recent work on neutrino oscillations suggests that the three generations of fermions in the standard model are related by representations of the finite group A(4), the group of symmetries of the tetrahedron. Motivated by this, we explore…
A novel nonlinear electrodynamics (NLE) model with two dimensionful parameters is introduced and investigated. Our model obeys the Maxwellian limit and exhibits behaviour similar to the Born-Infeld Lagrangian in the weak field limit. It is…
We derive detailed and intergral fluctuation relations as well as a Thermodynamic Uncertainty Relation constraining the exchange statistics of an arbitrary number of non-commuting conserved quantities among two quantum systems in transport…
The field of a moving pointlike charge is determined in nonlinear local electrodynamics. As a model Lagrangian for the latter we take the one whose nonlinearity is the Euler-Heisenberg Lagrangian of quantum electrodynamics truncated at the…
The extensions of the Standard Model based on the $SU(3)_{C} \otimes SU(3)_{L} \otimes U(1)_{X}$ gauge group are known as 331 Models. Different properties such as the fermion assignment and the electric charges of the exotic spectrum, that…
The standard classic special relativistic transformation of the electromagnetic (EM) field under proper Lorentz transformations is revisited. As to the pure Lorentz-boosts, popular treatments on EM transformation contemplate ideal…
The interaction of an electron with a local static charge distribution (e.g., an atom or molecule) is dominated at large distances by the radial 1/r Coulomb potential. The second order effect comes from the non-central electric dipole…
This is an attempt to construct a classical microscopic model of the electron which underlies quantum mechanics. An electron is modeled, not as a point particle, but as the end of an electromagnetic string, a line of flux. These lines…
The quantization of the electrical charge in the electrodynamics and of the hypercharge in the standard model are imposed in the theory based not on theoretical arguments but on the experimental observations. In this paper we propose a…
The change of the electromagnetic field in a particular place due to the event of a change in the motion of a charged particle can occur only after the light signal from the event can reach this place. Naive calculations of the…
Charges are everywhere because most atoms are charged. Chemical bonds are formed by electrons with their charge. Charges move and interact according to Maxwell's equations in space and in atoms where the equations of electrodynamics are…
The fundamental difference between the true transformations (TT) and the apparent transformations (AT) is explained. The TT refer to the same quantity, while the AT refer, e.g., to the same measurement in different inertial frames of…
Starting with the premise that the electric charge associated with fundamental fermions (quarks and leptons) can, under certain circumstances, be appropriately represented as a real \emph{internal} 2-vector, the mathematical ``machinery''…
Electron transfer (ET) at electrochemical interfaces is central to energy conversion and storage, yet its theoretical and computational modeling remain active research areas. This review elucidates key concepts and theories of ET kinetics,…
We study minimum energy configurations of $N$ particles in $\R^3$ of charge -1 (`electrons') in the potential of $M$ particles of charges $Z_\alpha>0$ (`atomic nuclei'). In a suitable large-N limit, we determine the asymptotic electron…
Motivated by the century-old problem of modeling the electron as a pointlike particle with finite self energy, we develop a new class of nonlinear perturbations of Maxwell's electrodynamics inspired by, but distinct from, the Born--Infeld…
If the conventional Maxwell--Lorentz formulation of classical electrodynamics is adopted in a flat spacetime of arbitrary odd dimension, then the retarded vector potential $A^\mu$ generated by a point charge turns out to be pure gauge,…