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Non-fungible tokens or NFTs are the digital assets on a blockchain. NFTs are unique and they cannot be divided like cryptocurrencies. NFTs could store digital ownership of an artwork or collections or can be fan tokens or tickets for clubs.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-02-15 Arsalan Parham , Corinna Breitinger

Non-fungible tokens (NFTs) offer a unique method for representing digital and physical assets on the blockchain. However, the NFT market has recently experienced a downturn in interest, mainly due to challenges related to high entry…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Wejdene Haouari , Marios Fokaefs

As emerging digital assets, NFTs are susceptible to anomalous trading behaviors due to the lack of stringent regulatory mechanisms, potentially causing economic losses. In this paper, we conduct the first systematic analysis of four…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-18 Yuanzheng Niu , Xiaoqi Li , Hongli Peng , Wenkai Li

Non-fungible tokens (NFTs) are unique digital assets stored on the blockchain and is used to certify ownership and authenticity of the digital asset. NFTs were first created in 2014 while their popularity peaked between 2021 and 2022. In…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Ryleigh McKinney , Sundar Krishnan

At present, the concept of metaverse has sparked widespread attention from the public to major industries. With the rapid development of blockchain and Web3 technologies, the decentralized metaverse ecology has attracted a large influx of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-12-29 Jiajing Wu , Kaixin Lin , Dan Lin , Ziye Zheng , Huawei Huang , Zibin Zheng

Non Fungible Tokens have changed digital ownership and how creators earn money. Between 2021 and 2024, the market value exceeded 40 billion. However, the fast growth of the NFT ecosystem has revealed serious issues in managing intellectual…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Pranav Darshan , Rohan J S , Raghuveer Rajesh , Ruchitha M , Sanika Kamath , Manas M N

As cryptocurrency evolved, new financial instruments, such as lending and borrowing protocols, currency exchanges, fungible and non-fungible tokens (NFT), staking and mining protocols have emerged. A financial ecosystem built on top of a…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2023-10-12 Priyanka Bose , Dipanjan Das , Fabio Gritti , Nicola Ruaro , Christopher Kruegel , Giovanni Vigna

The Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) has the transformative impact on the visual arts industry by examining the nexus between empowering art practices and leveraging blockchain technology. First, we establish the context for this study by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-23 Ruiqiang Li , Brian Yecies , Qin Wang , Shiping Chen , Jun Shen

The derivative of token standard of Ethereum blockchain, termed as Non Fungible Token is distinguishable token. These tokens are bound with digital properties that provide them unique identification which helps in fulfilling the aim of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Priyanshu Lohar , Kiran Rathi

Non Fungible Tokens (NFTs) are digital assets that represent objects like art, collectible, and in-game items. They are traded online, often with cryptocurrency, and are generally encoded within smart contracts on a blockchain. Public…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2021-11-02 Matthieu Nadini , Laura Alessandretti , Flavio Di Giacinto , Mauro Martino , Luca Maria Aiello , Andrea Baronchelli

NFT (Non-fungible Token) has drastically increased in its size, accounting for over \$16.9B of total market capitalization. Despite the rapid growth of NFTs, this market has not been examined thoroughly from a financial perspective. In this…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2023-03-17 Na Hyeon Park , Hanna Kim , Chanhee Lee , Changhoon Yoon , Seunghyeon Lee , Youngjin jin , Seungwon Shin

Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs), digital certificates of ownership for virtual art, have until recently been traded on a highly lucrative and speculative market. Yet, an emergence of misconceptions, along with a sustained market downtime, are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-09-30 Sarah Barrington , Nick Merrill

Purpose: This paper aims to establish a fundamental and comprehensive understanding of Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) by identifying and structuring common characteristics within a taxonomy. NFTs are hyped and increasingly marketed as essential…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-09-13 Eduard Hartwich , Philipp Ollig , Gilbert Fridgen , Alexander Rieger

The rise of Web3 and Decentralized Finance (DeFi) has enabled borderless access to financial services empowered by smart contracts and blockchain technology. However, the ecosystem's trustless, permissionless, and borderless nature presents…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Hesam Sarkhosh , Uzma Maroof , Diogo Barradas

Non-fungible tokens (NFTs) serve as a representative form of digital asset ownership and have attracted numerous investors, creators, and tech enthusiasts in recent years. However, related fraud activities, especially phishing scams, have…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Wenkai Li , Zongwei Li , Xiaoqi Li , Chunyi Zhang , Xiaoyan Zhang , Yuqing Zhang

As a blockchain-based application, Non-Fungible Token (NFT) has received worldwide attention over the past few years. Digital artwork is the main form of NFT that can be stored on different blockchains. Although the NFT market is rapidly…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-06-28 Yufan Zhang , Zichao Chen , Luyao Zhang , Xin Tong

Cybersquatting refers to the practice where attackers register a domain name similar to a legitimate one to confuse users for illegal gains. With the growth of the Non-Fungible Token (NFT) ecosystem, there are indications that…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Kai Ma , Ningyu He , Jintao Huang , Bosi Zhang , Ping Wu , Haoyu Wang

With the drive to create a decentralized digital economy, Web 3.0 has become a cornerstone of digital transformation, developed on the basis of computing-force networking, distributed data storage, and blockchain. With the rapid realization…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-11-30 Minrui Xu , Xiaoxu Ren , Dusit Niyato , Jiawen Kang , Chao Qiu , Zehui Xiong , Xiaofei Wang , Victor C. M. Leung

NFTs (Non-Fungible Tokens) have experienced an explosive growth and their record-breaking prices have been witnessed. Typically, the assets that NFTs represent are stored off-chain with a pointer, e.g., multi-hop URLs, due to the costly…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-12-22 Ziwei Wang , Jiashi Gao , Xuetao Wei

We quantify Non Fungible Token (NFT) rarity and investigate how it impacts market behaviour by analysing a dataset of 3.7M transactions collected between January 2018 and June 2022, involving 1.4M NFTs distributed across 410 collections.…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2024-05-24 Amin Mekacher , Alberto Bracci , Matthieu Nadini , Mauro Martino , Laura Alessandretti , Luca Maria Aiello , Andrea Baronchelli