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Observations on the past provide some hints about what will happen in the future, and this can be quantified using information theory. The ``predictive information'' defined in this way has connections to measures of complexity that have…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 William Bialek , Naftali Tishby

From small steps to great leaps, metaphors of spatial mobility abound to describe discovery processes. Here, we ground these ideas in formal terms by systematically studying scientific knowledge mobility patterns. We use low-dimensional…

Physics and Society · Physics 2023-02-28 Chakresh Kumar Singh , Liubov Tupikina , Fabrice Lécuyer , Michele Starnini , Marc Santolini

To further advance our understanding of the brain, new concepts and theories are needed. In particular, the ability of the brain to create information flows must be reconciled with its propensity for synchronization and mass action. The…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2014-07-04 Emmanuelle Tognoli , J. A. Scott Kelso

This paper introduces a bilateral matching mechanism to explain why different populations have different levels of cooperation. The traditional game theory assumes that individuals can acquire their neighbor's information without cost after…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-12-29 Xiaoming Gong

Polarization is a well-documented phenomenon across a wide range of social issues. However, prevailing theories often compartmentalize the examination of herding behavior and opinion convergence within different contexts. In this study, we…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2024-05-03 Ugo Bolletta , Paolo Pin

Travel decisions tend to exhibit sensitivity to uncertainty and information processing constraints. These behavioural conditions can be characterized by a generative learning process. We propose a data-driven generative model version of…

Econometrics · Economics 2019-07-29 Melvin Wong , Bilal Farooq

Societal accumulation of knowledge is a complex process. The correctness of new units of knowledge depends not only on the correctness of new reasoning, but also on the correctness of old units that the new one builds on. The errors in such…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Omri Ben-Eliezer , Dan Mikulincer , Elchanan Mossel , Madhu Sudan

Search systems are increasingly used for gaining knowledge through accessing relevant resources from a vast volume of content. However, search systems provide only limited support to users in knowledge acquisition contexts. Specifically,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-04-26 Yasin Ghafourian

The increasing practice of engaging crowds, where organizations use IT to connect with dispersed individuals for explicit resource creation purposes, has precipitated the need to measure the precise processes and benefits of these…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2017-02-15 J. Prpic , P. , Shukla

In order to become aware of inconsistencies, one must first construe of the world in a way that reflects its consistencies. This paper begins with a tentative model for how a set of discrete memories transforms into an interconnected…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2013-10-15 Liane Gabora

A fundamental problem in the study of complex networks is to provide quantitative measures of correlation and information flow between different parts of a system. To this end, several notions of communicability have been introduced and…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-04-08 Ernesto Estrada , Naomichi Hatano , Michele Benzi

Assume two different communities each of which maintain their respective opinions mainly because of the weak interaction between the two communities. In such a case, it is an interesting problem to find the necessary strength of…

Physics and Society · Physics 2011-01-18 Jae Kyun Shin , Jan Lorenz

Discriminating between competing explanatory models as to which is more likely responsible for the growth of a network is a problem of fundamental importance for network science. The rules governing this growth are attributed to mechanisms…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2021-04-21 Naomi A. Arnold , Raul J. Mondragon , Richard G. Clegg

This paper explores the concept of "entropy of knowledge" (EoN) as a framework for understanding the challenges and complexities of scientific discovery. Drawing from principles in thermodynamics and information theory, I propose that the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-06-05 Babu George

The twenty-first century is a data-driven era where human activities and behavior, physical phenomena, scientific discoveries, technology advancements, and almost everything that happens in the world resulting in massive generation,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Simon Zhang

The science of complexity is based on a new way of thinking that stands in sharp contrast to the philosophy underlying Newtonian science, which is based on reductionism, determinism, and objective knowledge. This paper reviews the…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2008-07-29 Francis Heylighen , Paul Cilliers , Carlos Gershenson

Navigability is a distinctive features of graphs associated with artificial or natural systems whose primary goal is the transportation of information or goods. We say that a graph $\mathcal{G}$ is navigable when an agent is able to…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-05-20 Pasquale De Meo , Mark Levene , Alessandro Provetti

Information theory, though originally developed for communications engineering, provides mathematical tools with broad applications across science. These tools characterize the fundamental limits of data compression and transmission in the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Henry Pinkard , Laura Waller

The study of spreading processes often analyzes networks at different resolutions, e.g., at the level of individuals or countries, but it is not always clear how properties at one resolution can carry over to another. Accordingly, in this…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-12-04 Baike She , Matthew Hale

Information theory is a mathematical theory of learning with deep connections with topics as diverse as artificial intelligence, statistical physics, and biological evolution. Many primers on information theory paint a broad picture with…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-03-26 Philip Chodrow