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In many longitudinal studies, a large number of variables are measured repeatedly over time, with substantial missing data. Existing methods, such as probabilistic principal component analysis (PPCA), are ill-equipped to handle such…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-27 Xinyu Zhang , Ameer Qaqish , D. Y. Lin , Didong Li

Principal component analysis (PCA) is a popular tool for linear dimensionality reduction and feature extraction. Kernel PCA is the nonlinear form of PCA, which better exploits the complicated spatial structure of high-dimensional features.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2014-09-02 Quan Wang

In this paper, we consider clustering based on principal component analysis (PCA) for high-dimension, low-sample-size (HDLSS) data. We give theoretical reasons why PCA is effective for clustering HDLSS data. First, we derive a geometric…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2015-03-17 Kazuyoshi Yata , Makoto Aoshima

This paper uses network packet capture data to demonstrate how Robust Principal Component Analysis (RPCA) can be used in a new way to detect anomalies which serve as cyber-network attack indicators. The approach requires only a few…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-01-08 Randy Paffenroth , Kathleen Kay , Les Servi

This paper delivers improved theoretical guarantees for the convex programming approach in low-rank matrix estimation, in the presence of (1) random noise, (2) gross sparse outliers, and (3) missing data. This problem, often dubbed as…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-09-13 Yuxin Chen , Jianqing Fan , Cong Ma , Yuling Yan

Principal component analysis (PCA), a ubiquitous dimensionality reduction technique in signal processing, searches for a projection matrix that minimizes the mean squared error between the reduced dataset and the original one. Since…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-25 Guilherme Dean Pelegrina , Leonardo Tomazeli Duarte

Robust PCA, the problem of PCA in the presence of outliers has been extensively investigated in the last few years. Here we focus on Robust PCA in the column sparse outlier model. The existing methods for column sparse outlier model assumes…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-04-16 Vishnu Menon , Sheetal Kalyani

Principal Components Analysis (PCA) is one of the most widely used dimension reduction techniques. Robust PCA (RPCA) refers to the problem of PCA when the data may be corrupted by outliers. Recent work by Cand{\`e}s, Wright, Li, and Ma…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-08-14 Namrata Vaswani , Praneeth Narayanamurthy

Kernel principal component analysis (kPCA) is a widely studied method to construct a low-dimensional data representation after a nonlinear transformation. The prevailing method to reconstruct the original input signal from kPCA -- an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Daniel Gedon , Antôni H. Ribeiro , Niklas Wahlström , Thomas B. Schön

Multivariate data are typically represented by a rectangular matrix (table) in which the rows are the objects (cases) and the columns are the variables (measurements). When there are many variables one often reduces the dimension by…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-01-13 Mia Hubert , Peter J. Rousseeuw , Wannes Van den Bossche

Sparse PCA provides a linear combination of small number of features that maximizes variance across data. Although Sparse PCA has apparent advantages compared to PCA, such as better interpretability, it is generally thought to be…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2012-10-29 Youwei Zhang , Laurent El Ghaoui

Hyperspectral optical imaging provides rich spectral information for estimating continuous environmental and material parameters; however, its high dimensionality and strong feature correlation pose significant challenges for machine…

Optics · Physics 2025-12-18 Parisa Parand , Mahmoud Samadpour

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) has wide applications in machine learning, text mining and computer vision. Classical PCA based on a Gaussian noise model is fragile to noise of large magnitude. Laplace noise assumption based PCA methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-12-22 Pengtao Xie , Eric Xing

Analyzing principal components for multivariate data from its spatial sign covariance matrix (SCM) has been proposed as a computationally simple and robust alternative to normal PCA, but it suffers from poor efficiency properties and is…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2016-03-10 Subhabrata Majumdar

Functional principal component analysis is essential in functional data analysis, but the inferences will become unconvincing when some non-Gaussian characteristics occur, such as heavy tail and skewness. The focus of this paper is to…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-02-02 Rou Zhong , Shishi Liu , Jingxiao Zhang , Haocheng Li

Multivariate binary data is becoming abundant in current biological research. Logistic principal component analysis (PCA) is one of the commonly used tools to explore the relationships inside a multivariate binary data set by exploiting the…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-10-15 Yipeng Song , Johan A. Westerhuis , Age K. Smilde

Sparse principal component analysis (SPCA) has emerged as a powerful technique for modern data analysis, providing improved interpretation of low-rank structures by identifying localized spatial structures in the data and disambiguating…

Principal component analysis (PCA) is fundamental to statistical machine learning. It extracts latent principal factors that contribute to the most variation of the data. When data are stored across multiple machines, however, communication…

Computation · Statistics 2018-01-11 Jianqing Fan , Dong Wang , Kaizheng Wang , Ziwei Zhu

The robust PCA problem, wherein, given an input data matrix that is the superposition of a low-rank matrix and a sparse matrix, we aim to separate out the low-rank and sparse components, is a well-studied problem in machine learning. One…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-07-06 U. N. Niranjan , Arun Rajkumar , Theja Tulabandhula

Principal component regression uses principal components as regressors. It is particularly useful in prediction settings with high-dimensional covariates. The existing literature treating of Bayesian approaches is relatively sparse. We…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-01-28 Philippe Gagnon , Mylène Bédard , Alain Desgagné