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On-ramp merging is a challenging task for autonomous vehicles (AVs), especially in mixed traffic where AVs coexist with human-driven vehicles (HDVs). In this paper, we formulate the mixed-traffic highway on-ramp merging problem as a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-08 Dong Chen , Mohammad Hajidavalloo , Zhaojian Li , Kaian Chen , Yongqiang Wang , Longsheng Jiang , Yue Wang

Most reinforcement learning (RL) approaches for the decision-making of autonomous driving consider safety as a reward instead of a cost, which makes it hard to balance the tradeoff between safety and other objectives. Human risk preference…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Yang Li , Shijie Yuan , Yuan Chang , Xiaolong Chen , Qisong Yang , Zhiyuan Yang , Hongmao Qin

In this paper, we develop a safe decision-making method for self-driving cars in a multi-lane, single-agent setting. The proposed approach utilizes deep reinforcement learning (RL) to achieve a high-level policy for safe tactical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-05-17 Arash Mohammadhasani , Hamed Mehrivash , Alan Lynch , Zhan Shu

Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) is used here for decentralized decision-making and longitudinal control for high-speed on-ramp merging. The DRL environment state includes the states of five vehicles: the merging vehicle, along with two…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-19 Yuan Lin , John McPhee , Nasser L. Azad

Vehicles today can drive themselves on highways and driverless robotaxis operate in major cities, with more sophisticated levels of autonomous driving expected to be available and become more common in the future. Yet, technically speaking,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-01-20 Larry Schester , Luis E. Ortiz

Lane change decision-making for autonomous vehicles is a complex but high-reward behavior. In this paper, we propose a hybrid input based deep reinforcement learning (DRL) algorithm, which realizes abstract lane change decisions and lane…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Ziteng Gao , Jiaqi Qu , Chaoyu Chen

Multiple automakers have in development or in production automated driving systems (ADS) that offer freeway-pilot functions. This type of ADS is typically limited to restricted-access freeways only, that is, the transition from manual to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-05 Pin Wang , Ching-Yao Chan

Despite the success of AI-enabled onboard perception, on-ramp merging has been one of the main challenges for autonomous driving. Due to limited sensing range of onboard sensors, a merging vehicle can hardly observe main road conditions and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-08-16 Gaurav Bagwe , Jian Li , Xiaoyong Yuan , Lan Zhang

We consider the problem of designing an algorithm to allow a car to autonomously merge on to a highway from an on-ramp. Two broad classes of techniques have been proposed to solve motion planning problems in autonomous driving: Model…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-09-29 Joseph Lubars , Harsh Gupta , Sandeep Chinchali , Liyun Li , Adnan Raja , R. Srikant , Xinzhou Wu

Reinforcement learning (RL) has recently been used for solving challenging decision-making problems in the context of automated driving. However, one of the main drawbacks of the presented RL-based policies is the lack of safety guarantees,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-07-16 Danial Kamran , Yu Ren , Martin Lauer

Ramp merging is a critical and challenging task for autonomous vehicles (AVs), particularly in mixed traffic environments with human-driven vehicles (HVs). Existing approaches typically rely on either lane-changing or inter-vehicle gap…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Yassine Ibork , Myounggyu Won , Lokesh Das

Connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) have recently gained prominence in traffic research due to advances in communication technology and autonomous driving. Various longitudinal control strategies for CAVs have been developed to enhance…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-25 Jingyuan Zhou , Longhao Yan , Kaidi Yang

In urban environments, the complex and uncertain intersection scenarios are challenging for autonomous driving. To ensure safety, it is crucial to develop an adaptive decision making system that can handle the interaction with other…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Xianqi He , Lin Yang , Chao Lu , Zirui Li , Jianwei Gong

A sudden roadblock on highways due to many reasons such as road maintenance, accidents, and car repair is a common situation we encounter almost daily. Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) equipped with sensors that can acquire vehicle dynamics such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-27 Emanuel Figetakis , Yahuza Bello , Ahmed Refaey , Lei Lei , Medhat Moussa

Developing and testing automated driving models in the real world might be challenging and even dangerous, while simulation can help with this, especially for challenging maneuvers. Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has the potential to…

Taking advantage of both vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication and automated driving technology, connected and automated vehicles are quickly becoming one of the transformative solutions to many transportation problems. However, in a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-09-01 Zhengwei Bai , Peng Hao , Wei Shangguan , Baigen Cai , Matthew J. Barth

Ramp merging is a critical maneuver for road safety and traffic efficiency. Most of the current automated driving systems developed by multiple automobile manufacturers and suppliers are typically limited to restricted access freeways only.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-03-28 Pin Wang , Ching-Yao Chan

Autonomous driving decision-making is a challenging task due to the inherent complexity and uncertainty in traffic. For example, adjacent vehicles may change their lane or overtake at any time to pass a slow vehicle or to help traffic flow.…

Delayed and partially observable state information poses significant challenges for reinforcement learning (RL)-based control in real-world autonomous driving. In highway on-ramp merging, a roadside unit (RSU) can sense nearby traffic,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Amin Tabrizian , Zhitong Huang , Arsyi Aziz , Peng Wei

Control theory provides engineers with a multitude of tools to design controllers that manipulate the closed-loop behavior and stability of dynamical systems. These methods rely heavily on insights about the mathematical model governing the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-06-18 Simen Theie Havenstrøm , Adil Rasheed , Omer San
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