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Phishing is a semantic attack which targets the user rather than the computer. It is a new Internet crime in comparison with other forms such as virus and hacking. Considering the damage phishing websites has caused to various economies by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Nancy C. Woods , Virtue Ene Agada , Adebola K. Ojo

Phishing remains one of the most prevalent online threats, exploiting human trust to harvest sensitive credentials. Existing URL- and HTML-based detection systems struggle against obfuscation and visual deception. This paper presents…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Md Abdul Ahad Minhaz , Zannatul Zahan Meem , Md. Shohrab Hossain

Phishing attacks remain among the most prevalent cybersecurity threats, causing significant financial losses for individuals and organizations worldwide. This paper presents a machine learning-based phishing email detection system that…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Amitabh Chakravorty , Matthew Price , Nelly Elsayed , Zag ElSayed

Phishing email detection faces significant challenges due to evolving adversarial tactics and heterogeneous attack patterns. Traditional approaches, such as rule-based filters and denylists, often struggle to keep pace, leading to missed…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Yinuo Xue , Eric Spero , Meng Wai Woo , Wei Gao , Giovanni Russello

Phishing is the combination of social engineering and technical exploits designed to convince a victim to provide personal information, usually for the monetary gain of the attacker. Phishing has become the most popular practice among the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2011-10-04 Aanchal Jain , Vineet Richariya

Phishing websites remain a significant cybersecurity threat, necessitating accurate and cost-effective detection mechanisms. In this paper, we present CLASP, a novel system that effectively identifies phishing websites by leveraging…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Fouad Trad , Ali Chehab

Large language models(LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance on many natural language processing(NLP) tasks and have been employed in phishing email detection research. However, in current studies, well-performing LLMs typically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Zijie Lin , Zikang Liu , Hanbo Fan

In the realm of cybersecurity, phishing stands as a prevalent cyber attack, where attackers employ various tactics to deceive users into gathering their sensitive information, potentially leading to identity theft or financial gain.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Aditya Kulkarni , Vivek Balachandran , Tamal Das

In the growing world of the internet, the number of ways to obtain crucial data such as passwords and login credentials, as well as sensitive personal information has expanded. Page impersonation, often known as phishing, is one method of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-09-07 Aman Rangapur , Tarun Kanakam , Dhanvanthini P

Phishing has long been a common tactic used by cybercriminals and continues to pose a significant threat in today's digital world. When phishing attacks become more advanced and sophisticated, there is an increasing need for effective…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Catherine Lee

Malicious websites and phishing URLs pose an ever-increasing cybersecurity risk, with phishing attacks growing by 40% in a single year. Traditional detection approaches rely on machine learning classifiers or rule-based scanners operating…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Avihay Cohen

Email phishing has become more prevalent and grows more sophisticated over time. To combat this rise, many machine learning (ML) algorithms for detecting phishing emails have been developed. However, due to the limited email data sets on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-19 Mariya Shmalko , Alsharif Abuadbba , Raj Gaire , Tingmin Wu , Hye-Young Paik , Surya Nepal

Spam messes up users inbox, consumes resources and spread attacks like DDoS, MiM, phishing etc. Phishing is a byproduct of email and causes financial loss to users and loss of reputation to financial institutions. In this paper we examine…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2011-08-09 Cynthia Dhinakaran , Dhinaharan Nagamalai , Jae Kwang Lee

Phishing as one of the most well-known cybercrime activities is a deception of online users to steal their personal or confidential information by impersonating a legitimate website. Several machine learning-based strategies have been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-15 Mahdieh Zabihimayvan , Derek Doran

URLs are central to a myriad of cyber-security threats, from phishing to the distribution of malware. Their inherent ease of use and familiarity is continuously abused by attackers to evade defences and deceive end-users. Seemingly…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-08-31 Mahathir Almashor , Ejaz Ahmed , Benjamin Pick , Sharif Abuadbba , Raj Gaire , Seyit Camtepe , Surya Nepal

Protecting and preventing sensitive data from being used inappropriately has become a challenging task. Even a small mistake in securing data can be exploited by phishing attacks to release private information such as passwords or financial…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-08-31 Luke Barlow , Gueltoum Bendiaby , Stavros Shiaelesy , Nick Savage

The emergence of online services in our daily lives has been accompanied by a range of malicious attempts to trick individuals into performing undesired actions, often to the benefit of the adversary. The most popular medium of these…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-06-22 Lukas Halgas , Ioannis Agrafiotis , Jason R. C. Nurse

Modern organizations are persistently targeted by phishing emails. Despite advances in detection systems and widespread employee training, attackers continue to innovate, posing ongoing threats. Two emerging vectors stand out in the current…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Marie Weinz , Nicola Zannone , Luca Allodi , Giovanni Apruzzese

Cybersecurity is one of the global issues because of the extensive dependence on cyber systems of individuals, industries, and organizations. Among the cyber attacks, phishing is increasing tremendously and affecting the global economy.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Md Robiul Islam , Md Mahamodul Islam , Mst. Suraiya Afrin , Anika Antara , Nujhat Tabassum , Al Amin

Phishing is the simplest form of cybercrime with the objective of baiting people into giving away delicate information such as individually recognizable data, banking and credit card details, or even credentials and passwords. This type of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-23 Moitrayee Chatterjee , Akbar Siami Namin