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Recent years have witnessed the widespread adoption of reinforcement learning (RL), from solving real-time games to fine-tuning large language models using human preference data significantly improving alignment with user expectations.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Bodla Krishna Vamshi , Haizhao Yang

We present a novel usage of Transformers to make image classification interpretable. Unlike mainstream classifiers that wait until the last fully connected layer to incorporate class information to make predictions, we investigate a…

In this work, we study the challenge of providing human-understandable descriptions for failure modes in trained image classification models. Existing works address this problem by first identifying clusters (or directions) of incorrectly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Keivan Rezaei , Mehrdad Saberi , Mazda Moayeri , Soheil Feizi

Prototypical part networks offer interpretable alternatives to black-box deep learning models by learning visual prototypes for classification. This work provides a comprehensive analysis of prototype formulations, comparing point-based and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Maximilian Xiling Li , Korbinian Franz Rudolf , Paul Mattes , Nils Blank , Rudolf Lioutikov

Most research on the interpretability of machine learning systems focuses on the development of a more rigorous notion of interpretability. I suggest that a better understanding of the deficiencies of the intuitive notion of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-12-08 Fabian Offert

As the use of deep learning techniques has grown across various fields over the past decade, complaints about the opaqueness of the black-box models have increased, resulting in an increased focus on transparency in deep learning models.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Siwen Luo , Hamish Ivison , Caren Han , Josiah Poon

Embedding of large but redundant data, such as images or text, in a hierarchy of lower-dimensional spaces is one of the key features of representation learning approaches, which nowadays provide state-of-the-art solutions to problems once…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-13 Gianluca Berardi , Luca De Luigi , Samuele Salti , Luigi Di Stefano

Exponential growth in Electronic Healthcare Records (EHR) has resulted in new opportunities and urgent needs for discovery of meaningful data-driven representations and patterns of diseases in Computational Phenotyping research. Deep…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-12-14 Zhengping Che , Sanjay Purushotham , Robinder Khemani , Yan Liu

Multi-agent robotic systems are increasingly operating in real-world environments in close proximity to humans, yet are largely controlled by policy models with inscrutable deep neural network representations. We introduce a method for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-24 Renos Zabounidis , Joseph Campbell , Simon Stepputtis , Dana Hughes , Katia Sycara

The ability to interpret machine learning models has become increasingly important now that machine learning is used to inform consequential decisions. We propose an approach called model extraction for interpreting complex, blackbox…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-03-14 Osbert Bastani , Carolyn Kim , Hamsa Bastani

Prototype-based interpretability methods provide intuitive explanations of model prediction by comparing samples to a reference set of memorized exemplars or typical representatives in terms of similarity. In the field of sequential data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-20 Yifei Zhang , Neng Gao , Cunqing Ma

Deep networks for image classification often rely more on texture information than object shape. While efforts have been made to make deep-models shape-aware, it is often difficult to make such models simple, interpretable, or rooted in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-24 Rajhans Singh , Ankita Shukla , Pavan Turaga

Effective human-robot interaction, such as in robot learning from human demonstration, requires the learning agent to be able to ground abstract concepts (such as those contained within instructions) in a corresponding high-dimensional…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-10-03 Yordan Hristov , Alex Lascarides , Subramanian Ramamoorthy

Interpretable deep learning models have received widespread attention in the field of image recognition. Due to the unique multi-instance learning of medical images and the difficulty in identifying decision-making regions, many…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Yitao Peng , Lianghua He , Die Hu , Yihang Liu , Longzhen Yang , Shaohua Shang

Modern machine learning models are opaque, and as a result there is a burgeoning academic subfield on methods that explain these models' behavior. However, what is the precise goal of providing such explanations, and how can we demonstrate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-01 Patrick Fernandes , Marcos Treviso , Danish Pruthi , André F. T. Martins , Graham Neubig

In high-stakes settings, Machine Learning models that can provide predictions that are interpretable for humans are crucial. This is even more true with the advent of complex deep learning based models with a huge number of tunable…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-21 Merel de Leeuw den Bouter , Javier Lloret Pardo , Zeno Geradts , Marcel Worring

Networks are ubiquitous structure that describes complex relationships between different entities in the real world. As a critical component of prediction task over nodes in networks, learning the feature representation of nodes has become…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-09-10 Hansheng Xue , Jiajie Peng , Xuequn Shang

Node representations, or embeddings, are low-dimensional vectors that capture node properties, typically learned through unsupervised structural similarity objectives or supervised tasks. While recent efforts have focused on explaining…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Simone Piaggesi , André Panisson , Megha Khosla

Despite the recent progress in Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), it remains challenging to explain the predictions made by GNNs. Existing explanation methods mainly focus on post-hoc explanations where another explanatory model is employed to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-03 Zaixi Zhang , Qi Liu , Hao Wang , Chengqiang Lu , Cheekong Lee

There is a need of ensuring machine learning models that are interpretable. Higher interpretability of the model means easier comprehension and explanation of future predictions for end-users. Further, interpretable machine learning models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-17 Gregor Stiglic , Primoz Kocbek , Nino Fijacko , Marinka Zitnik , Katrien Verbert , Leona Cilar