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Machine learning models that first learn a representation of a domain in terms of human-understandable concepts, then use it to make predictions, have been proposed to facilitate interpretation and interaction with models trained on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-08 Isaac Lage , Finale Doshi-Velez

Concept-based interpretability methods are a popular form of explanation for deep learning models which provide explanations in the form of high-level human interpretable concepts. These methods typically find concept activation vectors…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-19 Angus Nicolson , Yarin Gal , J. Alison Noble

Human-interpretable predictions are essential for deploying AI in medical imaging, yet most interpretable-by-design (IBD) frameworks require concept annotations for training data, which are costly and impractical to obtain in clinical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Md Nahiduzzaman , Steven Korevaar , Alireza Bab-Hadiashar , Ruwan Tennakoon

Interpretability has become an important topic of research as more machine learning (ML) models are deployed and widely used to make important decisions. Most of the current explanation methods provide explanations through feature…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-10-09 Amirata Ghorbani , James Wexler , James Zou , Been Kim

Despite the state-of-the-art performance of deep convolutional neural networks, they are susceptible to bias and malfunction in unseen situations. Moreover, the complex computation behind their reasoning is not human-understandable to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Rassa Ghavami Modegh , Ahmad Salimi , Alireza Dizaji , Hamid R. Rabiee

Utilizing potent representations of the large vision-language models (VLMs) to accomplish various downstream tasks has attracted increasing attention. Within this research field, soft prompt learning has become a representative approach for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Yequan Bie , Luyang Luo , Zhixuan Chen , Hao Chen

Transformer-based CLIP models are widely used for text-image probing and feature extraction, making it relevant to understand the internal mechanisms behind their predictions. While recent works show that Sparse Autoencoders (SAEs) yield…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Maximilian Dreyer , Lorenz Hufe , Jim Berend , Thomas Wiegand , Sebastian Lapuschkin , Wojciech Samek

Concept-based approaches, which aim to identify human-understandable concepts within a model's internal representations, are a promising method for interpreting embeddings from deep neural network models, such as CLIP. While these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Jitian Zhao , Chenghui Li , Frederic Sala , Karl Rohe

The field of eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) aims to bring transparency to today's powerful but opaque deep learning models. While local XAI methods explain individual predictions in form of attribution maps, thereby identifying…

Advancements in audio neural networks have established state-of-the-art results on downstream audio tasks. However, the black-box structure of these models makes it difficult to interpret the information encoded in their internal audio…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Alice Zhang , Edison Thomaz , Lie Lu

Interpreting the inner workings of deep learning models is crucial for establishing trust and ensuring model safety. Concept-based explanations have emerged as a superior approach that is more interpretable than feature attribution…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-17 Mara Graziani , Laura O' Mahony , An-Phi Nguyen , Henning Müller , Vincent Andrearczyk

Applying traditional post-hoc attribution methods to segmentation or object detection predictors offers only limited insights, as the obtained feature attribution maps at input level typically resemble the models' predicted segmentation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Maximilian Dreyer , Reduan Achtibat , Thomas Wiegand , Wojciech Samek , Sebastian Lapuschkin

Deep learning methods are highly accurate, yet their opaque decision process prevents them from earning full human trust. Concept-based models aim to address this issue by learning tasks based on a set of human-understandable concepts.…

Classifying images with an interpretable decision-making process is a long-standing problem in computer vision. In recent years, Prototypical Part Networks has gained traction as an approach for self-explainable neural networks, due to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Zhijie Zhu , Lei Fan , Maurice Pagnucco , Yang Song

Large-scale vision-language models such as CLIP have achieved remarkable success in zero-shot image recognition, yet their predictions remain largely opaque to human understanding. In contrast, Concept Bottleneck Models provide…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Onat Ozdemir , Anders Christensen , Stephan Alaniz , Zeynep Akata , Emre Akbas

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are increasingly being used in critical systems, where robustness and alignment are crucial. In this context, the field of explainable artificial intelligence has proposed the generation of high-level…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-14 Andres Felipe Posada-Moreno , Nikita Surya , Sebastian Trimpe

Concept-based explanations translate the internal representations of deep learning models into a language that humans are familiar with: concepts. One popular method for finding concepts is Concept Activation Vectors (CAVs), which are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Angus Nicolson , Lisa Schut , J. Alison Noble , Yarin Gal

Large Vision Language Models (VLMs), such as CLIP, have significantly contributed to various computer vision tasks, including object recognition and object detection. Their open vocabulary feature enhances their value. However, their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-22 Ali Rasekh , Sepehr Kazemi Ranjbar , Milad Heidari , Wolfgang Nejdl

Explainable object recognition using vision-language models such as CLIP involves predicting accurate category labels supported by rationales that justify the decision-making process. Existing methods typically rely on prompt-based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Ali Rasekh , Sepehr Kazemi Ranjbar , Simon Gottschalk

Concept-based interpretability methods aim to explain deep neural network model predictions using a predefined set of semantic concepts. These methods evaluate a trained model on a new, "probe" dataset and correlate model predictions with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-15 Vikram V. Ramaswamy , Sunnie S. Y. Kim , Ruth Fong , Olga Russakovsky
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