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Related papers: Towards gain tuning for numerical KKL observers

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The theory of Kazantzis-Kravaris/Luenberger (KKL) observer design introduces a methodology that uses a nonlinear transformation map and its left inverse to estimate the state of a nonlinear system through the introduction of a linear…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-31 Lukas Trommer , Halil Yigit Oksuz

This paper proposes a novel learning approach for designing Kazantzis-Kravaris/Luenberger (KKL) observers for autonomous nonlinear systems. The design of a KKL observer involves finding an injective map that transforms the system state into…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-26 M. Umar B. Niazi , John Cao , Matthieu Barreau , Karl Henrik Johansson

Relying on recent research results on Neural ODEs, this paper presents a methodology for the design of state observers for nonlinear systems based on Neural ODEs, learning Luenberger-like observers and their nonlinear extension…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-18 Keyan Miao , Konstantinos Gatsis

The Kazantzis-Kravaris-Luenberger (KKL) observer provides a general framework for nonlinear state estimation by immersing the system dynamics into a stable linear or nonlinear latent dynamics. However, the performance of KKL observers…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-14 Clara Lucía Galimberti , Johan Peralez , Daniele Astolfi , Vincent Andrieu , Madiha Nadri

KKL (Kazantzis-Kravaris/Luenberger) observers are based on the idea of immersing a given nonlinear system into a target system that is a linear stable filter of the measured output. In the present paper, we extend this theory by allowing…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-07-24 Victor Pachy , Vincent Andrieu , Pauline Bernard , Lucas Brivadis , Laurent Praly

Kazantzis-Kravaris/Luenberger (KKL) observers are a class of state observers for nonlinear systems that rely on an injective map to transform the nonlinear dynamics into a stable quasi-linear latent space, from where the state estimate is…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-01 Yahia Salaheldin Shaaban , Abdelrahman Sayed Sayed , M. Umar B. Niazi , Karl Henrik Johansson

This work proposes a method for model-free synthesis of a state observer for nonlinear systems with manipulated inputs, where the observer is trained offline using a historical or simulation dataset of state measurements. We use the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-20 Moritz Woelk , Jarod Morris , Wentao Tang

In this paper we propose a new observer design technique for nonlinear systems. It combines the well-known Kazantzis-Kravaris-Luenberger observer and the recently introduced parameter estimation-based observer, which become special cases of…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-07-12 Bowen Yi , Romeo Ortega , Weidong Zhang

This paper proposes HyperKKL, a novel learning approach for designing Kazantzis-Kravaris/Luenberger (KKL) observers for non-autonomous nonlinear systems. While KKL observers offer a rigorous theoretical framework by immersing nonlinear…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-03 Yahia Salaheldin Shaaban , Salem Lahlou , Abdelrahman Sayed Sayed

The increasing use of data-driven control strategies gives rise to the problem of learning-based state observation. Motivated by this need, the present work proposes a data-driven approach for the synthesis of state observers for…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-26 Wentao Tang

State observation is necessary for feedback control but often challenging for nonlinear systems. While Kazantzis-Kravaris/Luenberger (KKL) observer gives a generic design, its model-based numerical solution is difficult. In this paper, we…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-28 Cormak Weeks , Wentao Tang

This work proposes an interval observer design for nonlinear discrete-time systems based on the Kazantzis-Kravaris/Luenberger (KKL) paradigm. Our design extends to generic nonlinear systems without any assumption on the structure of its…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-04-30 Thach Ngoc Dinh , Gia Quoc Bao Tran

We address the problem of output prediction, ie. designing a model for autonomous nonlinear systems capable of forecasting their future observations. We first define a general framework bringing together the necessary properties for the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-30 Steeven Janny , Vincent Andrieu , Madiha Nadri , Christian Wolf

This paper focuses on the model-free synthesis of state observers for nonlinear autonomous systems without knowing the governing equations. Specifically, the Kazantzis-Kravaris/Luenberger (KKL) observer structure is leveraged, where the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-06 Wentao Tang

This paper proposes a computable state-estimation error bound for learning-based Kazantzis--Kravaris/Luenberger (KKL) observers. Recent work learns the KKL transformation map with a physics-informed neural network (PINN) and a corresponding…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-24 Hannah Berin-Costain , Harry Wang , Kirsten Morris , Jun Liu

A new approach to design of nonlinear observers (state estimators) is proposed. The main idea is to (i) construct a convex set of dynamical systems which are contracting observers for a particular system, and (ii) optimize over this set for…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2017-11-23 Ian R. Manchester

Various methods are nowadays available to design observers for broad classes of systems. Nevertheless, the question of the tuning of the observer to achieve satisfactory estimation performance remains largely open. This paper presents a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-09-22 E. Petri , R. Postoyan , D. Astolfi , D. Nešić , V. Andrieu

Various methods are nowadays available to design observers for broad classes of systems, where the primary focus is on establishing the convergence of the estimated states. Nevertheless, the question of the tuning of the observer to achieve…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-15 E. Petri , R. Postoyan , D. Astolfi , D. Nesic , V. Andrieu

The signal of system states needed for feedback controllers is estimated by state observers. One state observer design is the Kazantzis-Kravaris/Luenberger (KKL) observer, a generalization of the Luenberger observer for linear systems. The…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-23 Angela Ni , Wentao Tang

Nudging is an empirical data assimilation technique that incorporates an observation-driven control term into the model dynamics. The trajectory of the nudged system approaches the true system trajectory over time, even when the initial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Jaemin Oh , Jinsil Lee , Youngjoon Hong
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