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We study the evolution of the largest known corpus of publicly available source code, i.e., the Software Heritage archive (4B unique source code files, 1B commits capturing their development histories across 50M software projects). On such…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-06-20 Guillaume Rousseau , Roberto Di Cosmo , Stefano Zacchiroli

Open source licenses create a legal framework that plays a crucial role in the widespread adoption of open source projects. Without a license, any source code available on the internet could not be openly (re)distributed. Although recent…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-12-10 João Pedro Moraes , Ivanilton Polato , Igor Wiese , Filipe Saraiva , Gustavo Pinto

Agile software development is nowadays a widely adopted practise in both open-source and industrial software projects. Agile teams typically heavily rely on issue management tools to document new issues and keep track of outstanding ones,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-02-03 Vali Tawosi , Afnan Al-Subaihin , Rebecca Moussa , Federica Sarro

Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) distributions are complex software systems, made of thousands packages that evolve rapidly, independently, and without centralized coordination. During packages upgrades, corner case failures can be…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2009-09-29 Davide Di Ruscio , Patrizio Pelliccione , Alfonso Pierantonio , Stefano Zacchiroli

Open-source Software (OSS) has become a valuable resource in both industry and academia over the last few decades. Despite the innovative structures they develop to support the projects, OSS projects and their communities have complex needs…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-04-04 Yibo Yan , Seth Frey , Amy Zhang , Vladimir Filkov , Likang Yin

The number of open source software projects has been growing exponentially. The major online software repository host, GitHub, has accumulated tens of millions of publicly available Git version-controlled repositories. Although the research…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-03-28 Vadim Markovtsev , Waren Long

Open source software (OSS) licenses regulate the conditions under which OSS can be legally reused, distributed, and modified. However, a common issue arises when incorporating third-party OSS accompanied with licenses, i.e., license…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-06-27 Sihan Xu , Ya Gao , Lingling Fan , Linyu Li , Xiangrui Cai , Zheli Liu

The use of open-source software (OSS) is ever-increasing, and so is the number of open-source vulnerabilities being discovered and publicly disclosed. The gains obtained from the reuse of community-developed libraries may be offset by the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Serena E. Ponta , Henrik Plate , Antonino Sabetta

Open-source software (OSS) licenses dictate the conditions which should be followed to reuse, distribute, and modify the software. Apart from widely-used licenses such as the MIT License, developers are also allowed to customize their own…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-04-25 Sihan Xu , Ya Gao , Lingling Fan , Zheli Liu , Yang Liu , Hua Ji

The widespread adoption of open source libraries and frameworks can be attributed to their licensing. Open Source Software Licenses (OSS licenses) ensure that software can be sold or distributed as part of aggregate programs from various…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Raula Gaikovina Kula , Brittany Anne Reid , Christoph Treude

Large language model development relies on large-scale training corpora, yet most contain data of unclear licensing status, limiting the development of truly open models. This problem is exacerbated for non-English languages, where openly…

Free and open source software is widely used in the creation of software systems, whereas many organisations choose to provide their systems as open source. Open source software carries licenses that determine the conditions under which the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-10-04 Maria Papoutsoglou , Georgia M. Kapitsaki , Daniel German , Lefteris Angelis

Open-source licenses establish the legal foundation for software reuse, yet license variants, including both modified standard licenses and custom-created alternatives, introduce significant compliance complexities. Despite their prevalence…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Weiwei Xu , Hengzhi Ye , Kai Gao , Minghui Zhou

Open source software brings benefit to software community, but also introduces legal risks caused by license violations, which result in serious consequences such as lawsuits and financial losses. To mitigate legal risks, some approaches…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-10-13 Kaifeng Huang , Yingfeng Xia , Bihuan Chen , Zhuotong Zhou , Jin Guo , Xin Peng

With an ever-increasing amount of open source software, the popularity of services like GitHub that facilitate code reuse, and common misconceptions about the licensing of open source software, the problem of license violations in the code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-07-07 Yaroslav Golubev , Maria Eliseeva , Nikita Povarov , Timofey Bryksin

A critical part of creating code suggestion systems is the pre-training of Large Language Models on vast amounts of source code and natural language text, often of questionable origin or quality. This may contribute to the presence of bugs…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Mahmoud Jahanshahi , Audris Mockus

Scientific results in high-energy physics and in many other fields often rely on complex software stacks. In order to support reproducibility and scrutiny of the results, it is good practice to use open source software and to cite software…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2014-07-14 Jakob Blomer , Dario Berzano , Predrag Buncic , Ioannis Charalampidis , Gerardo Ganis , George Lestaris , René Meusel

Two key contributions presented in this paper are: i) A method for building a dataset containing source code features extracted from source files taken from Open Source Software (OSS) and associated bug reports, ii) A predictive model for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-09-13 Ritu Kapur , Balwinder Sodhi

Large Language Models (LLMs) play an ever-increasing role in the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI)--not only for natural language processing but also for code understanding and generation. To stimulate open and responsible research on…

Open Source Software (OSS) often relies on large repositories, like SourceForge, for initial incubation. The OSS repositories offer a large variety of meta-data providing interesting information about projects and their success. In this…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2009-05-01 George Tsatsaronis , Maria Halkidi , Emmanouel A. Giakoumakis