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Finite difference schemes, using Backward Differentiation Formula (BDF), are studied for the approximation of one-dimensional diffusion equations with an obstacle term, of the form $$\min(v_t - a(t,x) v_{xx} + b(t,x) v_x + r(t,x) v, v-…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-05-14 Olivier Bokanowski , Kristian Debrabant

We propose a novel second-order accurate, long-time unconditionally stable time-marching scheme for the forced Navier-Stokes equations. A new Forced Scalar Auxiliary Variable approach (FSAV) is introduced to preserve the underlying…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-10-10 Daozhi Han , Xiaoming Wang

In this paper, we propose several novel numerical techniques to deal with nonlinear terms in gradient flows. These step-by-step solving schemes, termed 3S-SAV and 3S-IEQ schemes, are based on recently popular scalar auxiliary variable (SAV)…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-01-06 Zhengguang Liu , Xiaoli Li

In this paper, we propose and analyze a linear, structure-preserving scalar auxiliary variable (SAV) method for solving the Allen--Cahn equation based on the second-order backward differentiation formula (BDF2) with variable time steps. To…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-10-22 Bingyin Zhang , Hongfei Fu , Rihui Lan , Shusen Xie

We present a second-order ensemble method based on a blended three-step backward differentiation formula (BDF) timestepping scheme to compute an ensemble of Navier-Stokes equations. Compared with the only existing second-order ensemble…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-05-13 Nan Jiang

We present an implicit-explicit (IMEX) scheme for semilinear wave equations with strong damping. By treating the nonlinear, nonstiff term explicitly and the linear, stiff part implicitly, we obtain a method which is not only unconditionally…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-07-01 Daniel Eckhardt , Marlis Hochbruck , Barbara Verfürth

An implicit finite difference scheme based on the $L2$-$1_{\sigma}$ formula is presented for a class of one-dimensional time fractional reaction-diffusion equations with variable coefficients and time drift term. The unconditional stability…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-02-12 Yong-Liang Zhao , Pei-Yong Zhu , Xian-Ming Gu , Xi-Le Zhao

Scale-resolving simulations of high Reynolds number incompressible flows are often limited by the Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy (CFL) stability restriction imposed by explicit time-stepping schemes, resulting in small time step sizes and long…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2026-04-20 Henrik Wüstenberg , Alexandra Liosi , Spencer J. Sherwin , Joaquim Peiró , David Moxey

We develop an efficient, unconditionally stable, variable step second order exponential time differencing scheme for the incompressible Navier Stokes equations in two and three spatial dimensions under periodic boundary conditions, together…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-02-24 Haifeng Wang , Xiaoming Wang , Min Zhang

In this paper we construct new fully decoupled and high-order implicit-explicit (IMEX) schemes for the two-phase incompressible flows based on the new generalized scalar auxiliary variable approach with optimal energy approximation…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-11-10 Xiaoli Li , Nan Zheng , Jie Shen , Zhengguang Liu

In this paper we propose and analyze a second order accurate (in time) numerical scheme for the square phase field crystal (SPFC) equation, a gradient flow modeling crystal dynamics at the atomic scale in space but on diffusive scales in…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-01-01 Min Wang , Qiumei Huang , Cheng Wang

We construct efficient implicit-explicit BDF$k$ scalar auxiliary variable (SAV) schemes for general dissipative systems. We show that these schemes are unconditionally stable, and lead to a uniform bound of the numerical solution in the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-03-09 Fukeng Huang , Jie Shen

In this paper, based on a generalized scalar auxiliary variable approach with relaxation (R-GSAV), we construct a class of high-order backward differentiation formula (BDF) schemes with variable time steps for the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-06-10 Dawei Chen , Qinzhen Ren , Minghui Li

We consider hyperbolic systems of conservation laws with relaxation source terms leading to a diffusive asymptotic limit under a parabolic scaling. We introduce a new class of secondorder in time and space numerical schemes, which are…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-05-23 Louis Reboul , Teddy Pichard , Marc Massot

We propose a second-order implicit-explicit (IMEX) time-stepping scheme for the isentropic, compressible Cahn-Hilliard-Navier-Stokes equations discretized on staggered (MAC) grids. The scheme is based on finite difference approximations…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-12-24 Andreu Martorell , Pep Mulet , Dionisio F. Yáñez

An adaptive BDF2 implicit time-stepping method is analyzed for the phase field crystal model. The suggested method is proved to preserve a modified energy dissipation law at the discrete levels if the time-step ratios…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-12-22 Hong-lin Liao , Bingquan Ji , Luming Zhang

Numerical radiation-hydrodynamics (RHD) for non-relativistic flows is a challenging problem because it encompasses processes acting over a very broad range of timescales, and where the relative importance of these processes often varies by…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2024-07-29 Chong-Chong He , Benjamin D. Wibking , Mark R. Krumholz

Integration of Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs) using Backward Difference formula (BDF) methods with p backward steps achieves order p accuracy if specific conditions are met. This work extends the composition technique with complex…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-05-11 Ahmad Deeb , Denys Dutykh , Maryam Al Zohbi

We develop and analyze a highly efficient, second-order time-marching scheme for infinite-dimensional nonlinear geophysical fluid models, designed to accurately approximate invariant measures-that is, the stationary statistical properties…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-10-08 Daozhi Han , Xiaoming Wang

We prove that the two-step backward differentiation formula (BDF2) method is stable on arbitrary time grids; while the variable-step BDF3 scheme is stable if almost all adjacent step ratios are less than 2.553. These results relax the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-01-31 Zhaoyi Li , Hong-lin Liao