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Vision-language models (VLMs) have enabled strong zero-shot classification through image-text alignment. Yet, their purely visual inference capabilities remain under-explored. In this work, we conduct a comprehensive evaluation of both…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Illia Volkov , Nikita Kisel , Klara Janouskova , Jiri Matas

Vision language models (VLMs) have shown promising reasoning capabilities across various benchmarks; however, our understanding of their visual perception remains limited. In this work, we propose an eye examination process to investigate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Nam Hyeon-Woo , Moon Ye-Bin , Wonseok Choi , Lee Hyun , Tae-Hyun Oh

Vision--language models (VLMs) often process visual inputs through a pretrained vision encoder, followed by a projection into the language model's embedding space via a connector component. While crucial for modality fusion, the potential…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Wenyan Li , Raphael Tang , Chengzu Li , Caiqi Zhang , Ivan Vulić , Anders Søgaard

Learning concepts that are consistent with human perception is important for Deep Neural Networks to win end-user trust. Post-hoc interpretation methods lack transparency in the feature representations learned by the models. This work…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-25 Sandareka Wickramanayake , Wynne Hsu , Mong Li Lee

Large Multimodal Models (LMMs), or Vision-Language Models (VLMs), have shown impressive capabilities in a wide range of visual tasks. However, they often struggle with fine-grained visual reasoning, failing to identify domain-specific…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Yucheng Shi , Quanzheng Li , Jin Sun , Xiang Li , Ninghao Liu

Humans excel at applying learned behavior to unlearned situations. A crucial component of this generalization behavior is our ability to compose/decompose a whole into reusable parts, an attribute known as compositionality. One of the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-24 Prasanna Vijayaraghavan , Jeffrey Frederic Queisser , Sergio Verduzco Flores , Jun Tani

Integrating visual and linguistic information into a single multimodal representation is an unsolved problem with wide-reaching applications to both natural language processing and computer vision. In this paper, we present a simple method…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-03-28 Guillem Collell , Teddy Zhang , Marie-Francine Moens

Vision-language models (VLMs) excel in zero-shot recognition but their performance varies greatly across different visual concepts. For example, although CLIP achieves impressive accuracy on ImageNet (60-80%), its performance drops below…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Shubham Parashar , Zhiqiu Lin , Tian Liu , Xiangjue Dong , Yanan Li , Deva Ramanan , James Caverlee , Shu Kong

We propose a new approach to designing visual markers (analogous to QR-codes, markers for augmented reality, and robotic fiducial tags) based on the advances in deep generative networks. In our approach, the markers are obtained as color…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-10-31 Oleg Grinchuk , Vadim Lebedev , Victor Lempitsky

While insights into the workings of the transformer model have largely emerged by analysing their behaviour on language tasks, this work investigates the representations learnt by the Vision Transformer (ViT) encoder through the lens of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Akshad Shyam Purushottamdas , Pranav K Nayak , Divya Mehul Rajparia , Deekshith Patel , Yashmitha Gogineni , Konda Reddy Mopuri , Sumohana S. Channappayya

Human language is grounded on multimodal knowledge including visual knowledge like colors, sizes, and shapes. However, current large-scale pre-trained language models rely on text-only self-supervised training with massive text data, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-28 Weizhi Wang , Li Dong , Hao Cheng , Haoyu Song , Xiaodong Liu , Xifeng Yan , Jianfeng Gao , Furu Wei

Generalized compositional zero-shot learning means to learn composed concepts of attribute-object pairs in a zero-shot fashion, where a model is trained on a set of seen concepts and tested on a combined set of seen and unseen concepts.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-22 He Huang , Wei Tang , Jiawei Zhang , Philip S. Yu

Vision-Language (VL) models have garnered considerable research interest; however, they still face challenges in effectively handling text within images. To address this limitation, researchers have developed two approaches. The first…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Jonathan Fhima , Elad Ben Avraham , Oren Nuriel , Yair Kittenplon , Roy Ganz , Aviad Aberdam , Ron Litman

Compositional zero-shot learning aims to recognize unseen compositions of seen visual primitives of object classes and their states. While all primitives (states and objects) are observable during training in some combination, their complex…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-24 Muhammad Gul Zain Ali Khan , Muhammad Ferjad Naeem , Luc Van Gool , Alain Pagani , Didier Stricker , Muhammad Zeshan Afzal

Though the success of CLIP-based training recipes in vision-language models, their scalability to more modalities (e.g., 3D, audio, etc.) is limited to large-scale data, which is expensive or even inapplicable for rare modalities. In this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-27 Weixian Lei , Yixiao Ge , Jianfeng Zhang , Dylan Sun , Kun Yi , Ying Shan , Mike Zheng Shou

Large vision-language models (VLMs) have become state-of-the-art for many computer vision tasks, with in-context learning (ICL) as a popular adaptation strategy for new ones. But can VLMs learn novel concepts purely from visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-26 Bowen Zhao , Leo Parker Dirac , Paulina Varshavskaya

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) equip pre-trained large-language models (LLMs) with visual capabilities. While textual prompting in LLMs has been widely studied, visual prompting has emerged for more fine-grained and free-form…

Recently introduced self-supervised methods for image representation learning provide on par or superior results to their fully supervised competitors, yet the corresponding efforts to explain the self-supervised approaches lag behind.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-15 Witold Oleszkiewicz , Dominika Basaj , Igor Sieradzki , Michał Górszczak , Barbara Rychalska , Koryna Lewandowska , Tomasz Trzciński , Bartosz Zieliński

In recent years, vision-language models (VLMs) have shown remarkable performance on visual reasoning tasks (e.g. attributes, location). While such tasks measure the requisite knowledge to ground and reason over a given visual instance, they…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-16 Shikhar Singh , Ehsan Qasemi , Muhao Chen

Prompt learning has been designed as an alternative to fine-tuning for adapting Vision-language (V-L) models to the downstream tasks. Previous works mainly focus on text prompt while visual prompt works are limited for V-L models. The…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Chen Xu , Yuhan Zhu , Haocheng Shen , Boheng Chen , Yixuan Liao , Xiaoxin Chen , Limin Wang