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Retrieval-Augmented Large Language Models (RALMs) have made significant strides in enhancing the accuracy of generated responses.However, existing research often overlooks the data quality issues within retrieval results, often caused by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Kexin Ma , Ruochun Jin , Xi Wang , Huan Chen , Jing Ren , Yuhua Tang

Relevance feedback techniques assume that users provide relevance judgments for the top k (usually 10) documents and then re-rank using a new query model based on those judgments. Even though this is effective, there has been little…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2018-12-24 Keping Bi , Qingyao Ai , W. Bruce Croft

This article evaluates the performance of two techniques for query reformulation in a system for information retrieval, namely, the concept based and the pseudo relevance feedback reformulation. The experiments performed on a corpus of…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2014-03-19 Mohammed El Amine Abderrahim

Clarification questions help conversational search systems resolve ambiguous or underspecified user queries. While prior work has focused on fluency and alignment with user intent, especially through facet extraction, much less attention…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Ahmed Rayane Kebir , Vincent Guigue , Lynda Said Lhadj , Laure Soulier

Generating high-quality answers consistently by providing contextual information embedded in the prompt passed to the Large Language Model (LLM) is dependent on the quality of information retrieval. As the corpus of contextual information…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-08-01 Sai Ganesh , Anupam Purwar , Gautam B

Rapid response, namely low latency, is fundamental in search applications; it is particularly so in interactive search sessions, such as those encountered in conversational settings. An observation with a potential to reduce latency asserts…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-11-28 Ophir Frieder , Ida Mele , Cristina Ioana Muntean , Franco Maria Nardini , Raffaele Perego , Nicola Tonellotto

Dialogue systems are frequently updated to accommodate new services, but naively updating them by continually training with data for new services in diminishing performance on previously learnt services. Motivated by the insight that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Hyundong Cho , Andrea Madotto , Zhaojiang Lin , Khyathi Raghavi Chandu , Satwik Kottur , Jing Xu , Jonathan May , Chinnadhurai Sankar

In-context learning is a promising approach for offline reinforcement learning (RL) to handle online tasks, which can be achieved by providing task prompts. Recent works demonstrated that in-context RL could emerge with self-improvement in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Sili Huang , Jifeng Hu , Hechang Chen , Lichao Sun , Bo Yang

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems rely on retrieval models for identifying relevant contexts and answer generation models for utilizing those contexts. However, retrievers exhibit imperfect recall and precision, limiting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Jerry Huang , Siddarth Madala , Risham Sidhu , Cheng Niu , Hao Peng , Julia Hockenmaier , Tong Zhang

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) with large language models (LLMs) has demonstrated strong performance in multilingual question-answering (QA) tasks by leveraging relevant passages retrieved from corpora. In multilingual RAG (mRAG), the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Jirui Qi , Raquel Fernández , Arianna Bisazza

We introduce iterative retrieval, a novel framework that empowers retrievers to make iterative decisions through policy optimization. Finding an optimal portfolio of retrieved items is a combinatorial optimization problem, generally…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Yunmo Chen , Tongfei Chen , Harsh Jhamtani , Patrick Xia , Richard Shin , Jason Eisner , Benjamin Van Durme

In conversational question answering, systems must correctly interpret the interconnected interactions and generate knowledgeable answers, which may require the retrieval of relevant information from a background repository. Recent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-15 Gonçalo Raposo , Rui Ribeiro , Bruno Martins , Luísa Coheur

Compared to standard retrieval tasks, passage retrieval for conversational question answering (CQA) poses new challenges in understanding the current user question, as each question needs to be interpreted within the dialogue context.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-31 Zeqiu Wu , Yi Luan , Hannah Rashkin , David Reitter , Hannaneh Hajishirzi , Mari Ostendorf , Gaurav Singh Tomar

Retrieval augmented generation (RAG) has become the standard in long context question answering (QA) systems. However, typical implementations of RAG rely on a rather naive retrieval mechanism, in which texts whose embeddings are most…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Keyush Shah , Abhishek Goyal , Isaac Wasserman

Current conversational systems can follow simple commands and answer basic questions, but they have difficulty maintaining coherent and open-ended conversations about specific topics. Competitions like the Conversational Intelligence…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-11-09 Nicolas Gontier , Koustuv Sinha , Peter Henderson , Iulian Serban , Michael Noseworthy , Prasanna Parthasarathi , Joelle Pineau

Recently, knowledge-grounded conversations in the open domain gain great attention from researchers. Existing works on retrieval-based dialogue systems have paid tremendous efforts to utilize neural networks to build a matching model, where…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Kai Hua , Zhiyuan Feng , Chongyang Tao , Rui Yan , Lu Zhang

Long-context modeling is one of the critical capabilities of language AI for digesting and reasoning over complex information pieces. In practice, long-context capabilities are typically built into a pre-trained language model~(LM) through…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Luyu Gao , Yunyi Zhang , Jamie Callan

Stepping from sentence-level to document-level, the research on relation extraction (RE) confronts increasing text length and more complicated entity interactions. Consequently, it is more challenging to encode the key information…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-03 Yuxin Xiao , Zecheng Zhang , Yuning Mao , Carl Yang , Jiawei Han

As one promising way to inquire about any particular information through a dialog with the bot, question answering dialog systems have gained increasing research interests recently. Designing interactive QA systems has always been a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-26 Munazza Zaib , Dai Hoang Tran , Subhash Sagar , Adnan Mahmood , Wei E. Zhang , Quan Z. Sheng

Detecting dialogue breakdown in real time is critical for conversational AI systems, because it enables taking corrective action to successfully complete a task. In spoken dialog systems, this breakdown can be caused by a variety of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-15 Md Messal Monem Miah , Ulie Schnaithmann , Arushi Raghuvanshi , Youngseo Son