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We study the effect of applying a language model (LM) on the output of Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems for Indic languages. We fine-tune wav2vec $2.0$ models for $18$ Indic languages and adjust the results with language models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-16 Ankur Dhuriya , Harveen Singh Chadha , Anirudh Gupta , Priyanshi Shah , Neeraj Chhimwal , Rishabh Gaur , Vivek Raghavan

The Rigveda, among the oldest Indian texts in Vedic Sanskrit, employs a distinctive pitch-accent system : ud\=atta, anud\=atta, svarita whose marks encode melodic and interpretive cues but are often absent from modern e-texts. This work…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Akhil Rajeev P , Annarao Kulkarni

Punctuation restoration is a crucial step after Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems to enhance transcript readability and facilitate subsequent NLP tasks. Nevertheless, conventional lexical-based approaches are inadequate for solving…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Xiliang Zhu , Chia-Tien Chang , Shayna Gardiner , David Rossouw , Jonas Robertson

Speech accents pose a significant challenge to state-of-the-art automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems. Degradation in performance across underrepresented accents is a severe deterrent to the inclusive adoption of ASR. In this work, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-30 Darshan Prabhu , Preethi Jyothi , Sriram Ganapathy , Vinit Unni

Training a conventional automatic speech recognition (ASR) system to support multiple languages is challenging because the sub-word unit, lexicon and word inventories are typically language specific. In contrast, sequence-to-sequence models…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-02-16 Shubham Toshniwal , Tara N. Sainath , Ron J. Weiss , Bo Li , Pedro Moreno , Eugene Weinstein , Kanishka Rao

Existing Indic ASR benchmarks often use scripted, clean speech and leaderboard driven evaluation that encourages dataset specific overfitting. In addition, strict single reference WER penalizes natural spelling variation in Indian…

Spoken Term Detection (STD) is the task of searching for words or phrases within audio, given either text or spoken input as a query. In this work, we use state-of-the-art Hindi, Tamil and Telugu ASR systems cross-lingually for lexical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-13 Sanket Shah , Satarupa Guha , Simran Khanuja , Sunayana Sitaram

Conversational speech often consists of deviations from the speech plan, producing disfluent utterances that affect downstream NLP tasks. Removing these disfluencies is necessary to create fluent and coherent speech. This paper presents…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Vineet Bhat , Preethi Jyothi , Pushpak Bhattacharyya

For end-to-end Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) models, recognizing personal or rare phrases can be hard. A promising way to improve accuracy is through spelling correction (or rewriting) of the ASR lattice, where potentially…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-26 Leonid Velikovich , Christopher Li , Diamantino Caseiro , Shankar Kumar , Pat Rondon , Kandarp Joshi , Xavier Velez

Traditional Optical Character Recognition (OCR) systems that generate text of highly inflectional Indic languages like Hindi tend to suffer from poor accuracy due to a wide alphabet set, compound characters and difficulty in segmenting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-15 Aditya Pal , Abhijit Mustafi

A cornerstone in AI research has been the creation and adoption of standardized training and test datasets to earmark the progress of state-of-the-art models. A particularly successful example is the GLUE dataset for training and evaluating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-16 Tahir Javed , Kaushal Santosh Bhogale , Abhigyan Raman , Anoop Kunchukuttan , Pratyush Kumar , Mitesh M. Khapra

We present iNLTK, an open-source NLP library consisting of pre-trained language models and out-of-the-box support for Data Augmentation, Textual Similarity, Sentence Embeddings, Word Embeddings, Tokenization and Text Generation in 13 Indic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-15 Gaurav Arora

Recent methods in speech and language technology pretrain very LARGE models which are fine-tuned for specific tasks. However, the benefits of such LARGE models are often limited to a few resource rich languages of the world. In this work,…

The multilingual Sentence-BERT (SBERT) models map different languages to common representation space and are useful for cross-language similarity and mining tasks. We propose a simple yet effective approach to convert vanilla multilingual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-25 Samruddhi Deode , Janhavi Gadre , Aditi Kajale , Ananya Joshi , Raviraj Joshi

Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems typically yield output in lexical form. However, humans prefer a written form output. To bridge this gap, ASR systems usually employ Inverse Text Normalization (ITN). In previous works, Weighted…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-08 Yashesh Gaur , Nick Kibre , Jian Xue , Kangyuan Shu , Yuhui Wang , Issac Alphanso , Jinyu Li , Yifan Gong

Although automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems achieved significantly improvements in recent years, spoken language recognition error occurs which can be easily spotted by human beings. Various language modeling techniques have been…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-21 Yun Zhao , Xuerui Yang , Jinchao Wang , Yongyu Gao , Chao Yan , Yuanfu Zhou

While there have been several contributions exploring state of the art techniques for text normalization, the problem of inverse text normalization (ITN) remains relatively unexplored. The best known approaches leverage finite state…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-15 Monica Sunkara , Chaitanya Shivade , Sravan Bodapati , Katrin Kirchhoff

While speech recognition Word Error Rate (WER) has reached human parity for English, continuous speech recognition scenarios such as voice typing and meeting transcriptions still suffer from segmentation and punctuation problems, resulting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-11 Piyush Behre , Sharman Tan , Padma Varadharajan , Shuangyu Chang

We propose a simple method for automatic speech recognition (ASR) by fine-tuning BERT, which is a language model (LM) trained on large-scale unlabeled text data and can generate rich contextual representations. Our assumption is that given…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-02-02 Wen-Chin Huang , Chia-Hua Wu , Shang-Bao Luo , Kuan-Yu Chen , Hsin-Min Wang , Tomoki Toda

In this paper, we introduce Neural Information Retrieval resources for 11 widely spoken Indian Languages (Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Oriya, Punjabi, Tamil, and Telugu) from two major Indian language…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-12-18 Saiful Haq , Ashutosh Sharma , Pushpak Bhattacharyya