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The clean world of digital information is based on noisy physical devices. Landauer's principle provides a deep connection between information processing and the underlying thermodynamics by setting a lower limit on the energy consumption…

The Landauer principle establishes a fundamental lower bound on the energetic cost of the erasure of a one-bit memory in thermal equilibrium. Here, we experimentally demonstrate how this bound can be effectively circumvented by introducing…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-02-24 Salambô Dago , Ludovic Bellon

The fundamental lower bounds of the thermodynamic energy cost (work) needed for the measurement and the erasure of information are found. The lower bound for the erasure vindicates the "Landauer's principle" for a special case, but…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 Takahiro Sagawa , Masahito Ueda

Landauer's principle has seen a boom of interest in the last few years due to the growing interest in quantum information sciences. However, its relevance and validity in the contexts of quantum field theory (QFT) remain surprisingly…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-22 Hao Xu , Yen Chin Ong , Man-Hong Yung

The uncertainty principle is a fundamental principle in quantum physics. It implies that the measurement outcomes of two incompatible observables can not be predicted simultaneously. In quantum information theory, this principle can be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-06-24 F. Adabi , S. Salimi , S. Haseli

We study driven finite quantum systems in contact with a thermal reservoir in the regime in which the system changes slowly in comparison to the equilibration time. The associated isothermal adiabatic theorem allows us to control the full…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2016-09-22 Tristan Benoist , Martin Fraas , Vojkan Jaksic , Claude-Alain Pillet

Landauer's principle gives a fundamental limit to the thermodynamic cost of erasing information. Its saturation requires a reversible isothermal process, and hence infinite time. We develop a finite-time version of Landauer's principle for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-08 Alberto Rolandi , Martí Perarnau-Llobet

We analyze the Kim, Lee & Lee model of information erasure by black holes and find contradictions with standard physical laws. We demonstrate that the erasure model leads to arbitrarily fast information erasure; the proposed physical…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2014-12-03 Mishkat Al Alvi , Md. Abdul Matin , Moinul Hossain Rahat , Avik Roy , Mahbub Majumdar

Quantum coherence profoundly alters classical thermodynamic expectations by modifying the structure and accessibility of probability distributions. Classically, transitions to lower-entropy states (local second-law violations) are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-20 Andrei Tudor Patrascu

The erasure of a bit of information encoded in a physical system is an irreversible operation bound to dissipate an amount of energy $Q = k_\text{B} T\ln 2$. As a result, work $W \geq Q$ has to be applied to the physical system to restore…

We study the modification of the second law of thermodynamics for a quantum system interacting with a reservoir regarding quantum coherence. The whole system is isolated so that neither energy nor information is lost. It is discovered that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-12 Yu-Han Ma , C. L. Liu , C. P. Sun

Landauer's principle states that the erasure of one bit of information requires the free energy kT ln 2. We argue that the reliability of the bit erasure process is bounded by the accuracy inherent in the statistical state of the energy…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Dominik Janzing , Pawel Wocjan , Robert Zeier , Rubino Geiss , Thomas Beth

Among the emerging technologies with prophesied quantum advantage, quantum communications has already led to fascinating demonstrations -- including quantum teleportation to and from satellites. However, all optical communication…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-16 Maxwell Aifer , Nathan Myers , Sebastian Deffner

Landauer's bound relates changes in the entropy of a system with the inevitable dissipation of heat to the environment. The bound, however, becomes trivial in the limit of zero temperature. Here we show that it is possible to derive a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-01 Andre M. Timpanaro , Jader P. Santos , Gabriel T. Landi

We review and investigate the general theory of thermodynamics of computation, and derive the fundamental inequalities that set the lower bounds of the work requirement and the heat emission during a computation. These inequalities…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-06-17 Takahiro Sagawa

The thermodynamic cost of resetting an arbitrary initial state to a particular desired state is lower bounded by Landauer's bound. However, here we demonstrate that this lower bound is necessarily unachievable for nearly every initial…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-28 Paul M. Riechers , Mile Gu

The uncertainty principle sets limit on our ability to predict the values of two incompatible observables measured on a quantum particle simultaneously. This principle can be stated in various forms. In quantum information theory, it is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-09-27 H. Dolatkhah , S. Haseli , S. Salimi , S. A. Khorashad

Thermodynamics is a highly successful macroscopic theory widely used across the natural sciences and for the construction of everyday devices, from car engines and fridges to power plants and solar cells. With thermodynamics predating…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-04-07 Philipp Kammerlander , Janet Anders

Quantum coherence constitutes a foundational characteristic of quantum mechanics and is integral to emerging quantum resource theories. However, quantum coherence is severely restricted by environmental noise in general quantum processing,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-24 Qing-Hua Zhang , Shao-Ming Fei

Landauer's limit on heat dissipation during information erasure is critical as devices shrink, requiring optimal pure-state preparation to minimise errors. However, Nernst's third law states this demands infinite resources in energy, time,…