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How can local-search methods such as stochastic gradient descent (SGD) avoid bad local minima in training multi-layer neural networks? Why can they fit random labels even given non-convex and non-smooth architectures? Most existing theory…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-28 Zeyuan Allen-Zhu , Yuanzhi Li , Zhao Song

Understanding the generalization behaviour of deep neural networks is a topic of recent interest that has driven the production of many studies, notably the development and evaluation of generalization "explainability" measures that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-26 Jonathan Jaegerman , Khalil Damouni , Mahdi S. Hosseini , Konstantinos N. Plataniotis

The early phase of training of deep neural networks is critical for their final performance. In this work, we study how the hyperparameters of stochastic gradient descent (SGD) used in the early phase of training affect the rest of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-25 Stanislaw Jastrzebski , Maciej Szymczak , Stanislav Fort , Devansh Arpit , Jacek Tabor , Kyunghyun Cho , Krzysztof Geras

Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is a foundational algorithm for large-scale statistical learning and stochastic optimization. However, statistical inference based on SGD iterates remains challenging when stochastic gradients have infinite…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-26 Jose Blanchet , Peter Glynn , Wenhao Yang

Stochastic Gradient Decent (SGD) is one of the core techniques behind the success of deep neural networks. The gradient provides information on the direction in which a function has the steepest rate of change. The main problem with basic…

Despite being highly over-parametrized, and having the ability to fully interpolate the training data, deep networks are known to generalize well to unseen data. It is now understood that part of the reason for this is that the training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Danil Akhtiamov , Babak Hassibi

Theoretically understanding stochastic gradient descent (SGD) in overparameterized models has led to the development of several optimization algorithms that are widely used in practice today. Recent work by~\citet{zou2021benign} provides…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Alexandru Meterez , Depen Morwani , Costin-Andrei Oncescu , Jingfeng Wu , Cengiz Pehlevan , Sham Kakade

Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is a fundamental optimization algorithm widely used in modern machine learning. In this paper, we propose Factor-Augmented SGD (FSGD), a new optimization method that leverages latent factor representations…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-20 Shubo Li , Yuefeng Han , Xiufan Yu

Despite the non-convex optimization landscape, over-parametrized shallow networks are able to achieve global convergence under gradient descent. The picture can be radically different for narrow networks, which tend to get stuck in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-06-16 Rodrigo Veiga , Ludovic Stephan , Bruno Loureiro , Florent Krzakala , Lenka Zdeborová

Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) is the workhorse algorithm of deep learning technology. At each step of the training phase, a mini batch of samples is drawn from the training dataset and the weights of the neural network are adjusted…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2022-09-07 Francesca Mignacco , Pierfrancesco Urbani

Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is widely believed to perform implicit regularization when used to train deep neural networks, but the precise manner in which this occurs has thus far been elusive. We prove that SGD minimizes an average…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-01-17 Pratik Chaudhari , Stefano Soatto

Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) and its momentum variants form the backbone of deep learning optimization, yet the underlying dynamics of their gradient behavior remain insufficiently understood. In this work, we reinterpret gradient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Zhipeng Yao , Rui Yu , Guisong Chang , Ying Li , Yu Zhang , Dazhou Li

Mini-batch stochastic gradient methods (SGD) are state of the art for distributed training of deep neural networks. Drastic increases in the mini-batch sizes have lead to key efficiency and scalability gains in recent years. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-18 Tao Lin , Sebastian U. Stich , Kumar Kshitij Patel , Martin Jaggi

Most complex machine learning and modelling techniques are prone to over-fitting and may subsequently generalise poorly to future data. Artificial neural networks are no different in this regard and, despite having a level of implicit…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-05-26 Vincent Szolnoky , Viktor Andersson , Balazs Kulcsar , Rebecka Jörnsten

Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) is an important algorithm in machine learning. With constant learning rates, it is a stochastic process that, after an initial phase of convergence, generates samples from a stationary distribution. We show…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-09-12 Stephan Mandt , Matthew D. Hoffman , David M. Blei

This work studies deep metric learning under small to medium scale data as we believe that better generalization could be a contributing factor to the improvement of previous fine-grained image retrieval methods; it should be considered…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-12-11 Nam Vo , James Hays

Stochastic gradient descent (SGD), which dates back to the 1950s, is one of the most popular and effective approaches for performing stochastic optimization. Research on SGD resurged recently in machine learning for optimizing convex loss…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-24 Jie Chen , Ronny Luss

Merging the two cultures of deep and statistical learning provides insights into structured high-dimensional data. Traditional statistical modeling is still a dominant strategy for structured tabular data. Deep learning can be viewed…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-10-25 Anindya Bhadra , Jyotishka Datta , Nick Polson , Vadim Sokolov , Jianeng Xu

Recently, information theoretic analysis has become a popular framework for understanding the generalization behavior of deep neural networks. It allows a direct analysis for stochastic gradient/Langevin descent (SGD/SGLD) learning…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-05-03 Yuxin Dong , Tieliang Gong , Hong Chen , Chen Li

Recent developments on large-scale distributed machine learning applications, e.g., deep neural networks, benefit enormously from the advances in distributed non-convex optimization techniques, e.g., distributed Stochastic Gradient Descent…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-05-13 Hao Yu , Rong Jin , Sen Yang