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In this paper, we give a formal definition of the popular word-guessing game Wordle. We show that, in general, determining if a given Wordle instance admits a winning strategy is NP-complete. We also show that given a Wordle instance of…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2022-04-11 Will Rosenbaum

Wordle is an online word puzzle game that gained viral popularity in January 2022. The goal is to guess a hidden five letter word. After each guess, the player gains information about whether the letters they guessed are present in the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-02-02 Benton J. Anderson , Jesse G. Meyer

Wordle is a single-player word-based game where the objective is to guess the 5-letter word in a maximum of 6 tries. The game was released to the public in October 2021 and has since gained popularity with people competing against each…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Aditya Lahiri , Naigam Shah , Shivaank Agarwal , Vignesh Nandakumar

Wordle is a popular, online word game offered by the New York Times (nytimes.com). Currently there are some 2 million players of the English version worldwide. Players have 6 attempts to guess the daily word (target word) and after each…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2023-10-10 James P. Dilger

Wordle is a very popular word game that is owned by the New York Times. We can design parameterized strategies for solving Wordle, based on probabilistic, statistical, and information-theoretical information about the games. The strategies…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-05-24 Chao-Lin Liu

Wordle, a word guessing game rose to global popularity in the January of 2022. The goal of the game is to guess a five-letter English word within six tries. Each try provides the player with hints by means of colour changing tiles which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Nisansa de Silva

This paper presents a mathematical method of playing the puzzle game Wordle. In Wordle, the player has six tries to guess a secret word. After each guess the player is told how their guess compares to the secret word. With the available…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2022-04-14 Michael Bonthron

The recent popularity of Wordle has revived interest in guessing games. We develop a general method for finding optimal strategies for guessing games while avoiding an exhaustive search. Our main contributions are several theorems that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-17 Michael Cunanan , Michael Thielscher

We show that human players' gameplay in the game of Wordle is influenced by the semantics, orthography, and phonology of the player's previous guesses. We compare actual human players' guesses with near-optimal guesses using NLP techniques.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Jiadong Liang , Adam Kabbara , Jiaying Liu , Ronaldo Luo , Kina Kim , Michael Guerzhoy

In this missive, the author goes about ruining an online word guessing game called Wordle, by generally trying to mathify the whole thing. On the other hand, one might consider that the author is trying to spice up mathematics by applying…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2022-04-26 Martin B. Short

In this study, we delve into the dynamics of Wordle using data analysis and machine learning. Our analysis initially focused on the correlation between the date and the number of submitted results. Due to initial popularity bias, we modeled…

Applications · Statistics 2023-09-26 Jiaqi Weng , Chunlin Feng

We introduce a guessing game, permutation Wordle, in which a guesser attempts to recover a hidden permutation in $S_n$. In each round, the guesser guesses a permutation (using information from previous rounds) and is told which entries of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-01-27 Samuel A. Kutin , Lawren M. Smithline

With the rising popularity of Wordle, people have eagerly taken to Twitter to report their results daily by the tens of thousands. In this paper, we develop a comprehensive model which uses this data to predict Wordle player performance and…

Applications · Statistics 2023-11-29 Steven DiSilvio , Anthony Ozerov , Leon Zhou

In a game of permutation wordle, a player attempts to guess a secret permutation in the fewest number of guesses possible. Previously, Samuel Kutin and Lawren Smithline (arXiv:2408.00903) introduced this game and proposed a strategy called…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-01-12 Aurora Hiveley

The game of Hangman is a classical asymmetric two player game in which one player, the setter, chooses a secret word from a language, that the other player, the guesser, tries to discover through single letter matching queries, answered by…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2020-05-05 Jérémy Barbay , Bernardo Subercaseaux

I consider the natural infinitary variations of the games Wordle and Mastermind, as well as their game-theoretic variations Absurdle and Madstermind, considering these games with infinitely long words and infinite color sequences and…

Logic · Mathematics 2023-09-06 Joel David Hamkins

While previous researchers have performed an exhaustive search to determine an optimal Wordle strategy, that computation is very time consuming and produced a strategy using words that are unfamiliar to most people. With Wordle solutions…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Ronald I. Greenberg

We study the prediction and classification of Wordle solution words. After cleaning the public results log, we fit an ARIMA model to forecast the daily volume of reported outcomes through March 1, 2023. For each solution word, we compute…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-08-13 Haidong Xin , Fang Wu , Zhitong Zhou

In this paper, we describe adaptation of a simple word guessing game that occupied the hearts and minds of people around the world. There are versions for all three Baltic countries and even several versions of each. We specifically pay…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-05 Matīss Rikters , Sanita Reinsone

At the beginning of 2022, a simplistic word-guessing game took the world by storm and was further adapted to many languages beyond the original English version. In this paper, we examine the strategies of daily word-guessing game players…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Matīss Rikters , Sanita Reinsone
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