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The U.S. Census Bureau's 2020 Disclosure Avoidance System (DAS) bases its output on noisy measurements, which are population tabulations added to realizations of mean-zero random variables. These noisy measurements are observed for a set of…

Computation · Statistics 2026-05-04 Ryan Cumings-Menon , Pavel Zhuravlev

The US Census Bureau plans to protect the privacy of 2020 Census respondents through its Disclosure Avoidance System (DAS), which attempts to achieve differential privacy guarantees by adding noise to the Census microdata. By applying…

Applications · Statistics 2021-11-12 Christopher T. Kenny , Shiro Kuriwaki , Cory McCartan , Evan Rosenman , Tyler Simko , Kosuke Imai

The US Census Bureau Disclosure Avoidance System (DAS) balances confidentiality and utility requirements for the decennial US Census (Abowd et al., 2022). The DAS was used in the 2020 Census to produce demographic datasets critically used…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Badih Ghazi , Pritish Kamath , Ravi Kumar , Pasin Manurangsi , Adam Sealfon

Data from the Decennial Census is published only after applying a disclosure avoidance system (DAS). Data users were shaken by the adoption of differential privacy in the 2020 DAS, a radical departure from past methods. The goal of this…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Christian Cianfarani , Aloni Cohen

In "The 2020 Census Disclosure Avoidance System TopDown Algorithm," Abowd et al. (2022) describe the concepts and methods used by the Disclosure Avoidance System (DAS) to produce formally private output in support of the 2020 Census…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Ryan Cumings-Menon , Robert Ashmead , Daniel Kifer , Philip Leclerc , Matthew Spence , Pavel Zhuravlev , John M. Abowd

The US Census Bureau will implement a new privacy-preserving disclosure avoidance system (DAS), which includes application of differential privacy, on the public-release 2020 census data. There are concerns that the DAS may bias small-area…

The Census TopDown Algorithm (TDA) is a disclosure avoidance system using differential privacy for privacy-loss accounting. The algorithm ingests the final, edited version of the 2020 Census data and the final tabulation geographic…

In "Differential Perspectives: Epistemic Disconnects Surrounding the US Census Bureau's Use of Differential Privacy," boyd and Sarathy argue that empirical evaluations of the Census Disclosure Avoidance System (DAS), including our published…

The U.S. Decennial Census serves as the foundation for many high-profile policy decision-making processes, including federal funding allocation and redistricting. In 2020, the Census Bureau adopted differential privacy to protect the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Buxin Su , Weijie J. Su , Chendi Wang

This article describes a proposed differentially private (DP) algorithms that the US Census Bureau is considering to release the Detailed Demographic and Housing Characteristics (DHC) Race & Ethnicity tabulations as part of the 2020 Census.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-07-23 Sam Haney , William Sexton , Ashwin Machanavajjhala , Michael Hay , Gerome Miklau

In an era where external data and computational capabilities far exceed statistical agencies' own resources and capabilities, they face the renewed challenge of protecting the confidentiality of underlying microdata when publishing…

Applications · Statistics 2022-12-29 John M Abowd , Michael B Hawes

This article describes the disclosure avoidance algorithm that the U.S. Census Bureau used to protect the Detailed Demographic and Housing Characteristics File A (Detailed DHC-A) of the 2020 Census. The tabulations contain statistics…

In early 2021, the US Census Bureau will begin releasing statistical tables based on the decennial census conducted in 2020. Because of significant changes in the data landscape, the Census Bureau is changing its approach to disclosure…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2019-07-09 danah boyd

To protect the confidentiality of the 2020 Census, the U.S. Census Bureau adopted a statistical disclosure limitation framework based on the principles of differential privacy. A key component was the TopDown Algorithm, which applied…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-03-26 Robert Ashmead , Michael B. Hawes , Mary Pritts , Pavel Zhuravlev , Sallie Ann Keller

McCartan et al. (2023) call for "making differential privacy work for census data users." This commentary explains why the 2020 Census Noisy Measurement Files (NMFs) are not the best focus for that plea. The August 2021 letter from 62…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-02 John M. Abowd

The 2020 Decennial Census will be released with a new disclosure avoidance system in place, putting differential privacy in the spotlight for a wide range of data users. We consider several key applications of Census data in redistricting,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-03-11 Aloni Cohen , Moon Duchin , JN Matthews , Bhushan Suwal

In this paper, we study data-aided sensing (DAS) for a system consisting of a base station (BS) and a number of nodes, where the BS becomes a receiver that collects measurements or data sets from the nodes that are distributed over a cell.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-12-09 Jinho Choi

The United States Census Bureau faces a difficult trade-off between the accuracy of Census statistics and the protection of individual information. We conduct the first independent evaluation of bias and noise induced by the Bureau's two…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Christopher T. Kenny , Cory McCartan , Shiro Kuriwaki , Tyler Simko , Kosuke Imai

This article describes the disclosure avoidance algorithm that the U.S. Census Bureau used to protect the 2020 Census Supplemental Demographic and Housing Characteristics File (S-DHC). The tabulations contain statistics of counts of U.S.…

This article describes SafeTab-H, a disclosure avoidance algorithm applied to the release of the U.S. Census Bureau's Detailed Demographic and Housing Characteristics File B (Detailed DHC-B) as part of the 2020 Census. The tabulations…

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