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Deep neural networks have experimentally demonstrated superior performance over other machine learning approaches in decision-making predictions. However, one major concern is the closed set nature of the classification decision on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-09 Lorraine Chambers , Mohamed Medhat Gaber , Zahraa S. Abdallah

Concept Activation Vectors (CAVs) provide a powerful approach for interpreting deep neural networks by quantifying their sensitivity to human-defined concepts. However, when computed independently at different layers, CAVs often exhibit…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Zhenghao He , Sanchit Sinha , Guangzhi Xiong , Aidong Zhang

Self-explaining deep models are designed to learn the latent concept-based explanations implicitly during training, which eliminates the requirement of any post-hoc explanation generation technique. In this work, we propose one such model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-02 Anirban Sarkar , Deepak Vijaykeerthy , Anindya Sarkar , Vineeth N Balasubramanian

By now there is substantial evidence that deep learning models learn certain human-interpretable features as part of their internal representations of data. As having the right (or wrong) concepts is critical to trustworthy machine learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Nicholas Konz , Charles Godfrey , Madelyn Shapiro , Jonathan Tu , Henry Kvinge , Davis Brown

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have achieved remarkable performance on a range of tasks. A key step to further empowering DNN-based approaches is improving their explainability. In this work we present CME: a concept-based model extraction…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Dmitry Kazhdan , Botty Dimanov , Mateja Jamnik , Pietro Liò , Adrian Weller

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have achieved unprecedented performance on a wide range of complex tasks, rapidly outpacing our understanding of the nature of their solutions. This has caused a recent surge of interest in methods for rendering…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-06-30 Samuel Ritter , David G. T. Barrett , Adam Santoro , Matt M. Botvinick

Concept-based interpretability for Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) aims to align internal model representations with high-level semantic concepts, but existing approaches largely overlook the semantic roles of individual filters and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Xinyu Mu , Hui Dou , Furao Shen , Jian Zhao

We propose a novel deep structured learning framework for event temporal relation extraction. The model consists of 1) a recurrent neural network (RNN) to learn scoring functions for pair-wise relations, and 2) a structured support vector…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-26 Rujun Han , I-Hung Hsu , Mu Yang , Aram Galstyan , Ralph Weischedel , Nanyun Peng

The lack of mathematical tractability of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) has hindered progress towards having a unified convergence analysis of training algorithms, in the general setting. We propose a unified optimization framework for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-05-24 Hadi Ghauch , Hossein Shokri-Ghadikolaei , Carlo Fischione , Mikael Skoglund

Human explanations of high-level decisions are often expressed in terms of key concepts the decisions are based on. In this paper, we study such concept-based explainability for Deep Neural Networks (DNNs). First, we define the notion of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-09 Chih-Kuan Yeh , Been Kim , Sercan O. Arik , Chun-Liang Li , Tomas Pfister , Pradeep Ravikumar

Insights into the learned latent representations are imperative for verifying deep neural networks (DNNs) in critical computer vision (CV) tasks. Therefore, state-of-the-art supervised Concept-based eXplainable Artificial Intelligence…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Georgii Mikriukov , Gesina Schwalbe , Korinna Bade

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are increasingly proposed as models of human vision, bolstered by their impressive performance on image classification and object recognition tasks. Yet, the extent to which DNNs capture fundamental aspects of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-13 Ethan O. Nadler , Elise Darragh-Ford , Bhargav Srinivasa Desikan , Christian Conaway , Mark Chu , Tasker Hull , Douglas Guilbeault

The widespread use of deep neural networks has achieved substantial success in many tasks. However, there still exists a huge gap between the operating mechanism of deep learning models and human-understandable decision making, so that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-03-08 Xiaowei Zhou , Jie Yin , Ivor Tsang , Chen Wang

Neural network models are widely used in a variety of domains, often as black-box solutions, since they are not directly interpretable for humans. The field of explainable artificial intelligence aims at developing explanation methods to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-25 Patrik Hammersborg , Inga Strümke

Deep neural networks have been well-known for their superb handling of various machine learning and artificial intelligence tasks. However, due to their over-parameterized black-box nature, it is often difficult to understand the prediction…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-18 Xuhong Li , Haoyi Xiong , Xingjian Li , Xuanyu Wu , Xiao Zhang , Ji Liu , Jiang Bian , Dejing Dou

It is well observed that in deep learning and computer vision literature, visual data are always represented in a manually designed coding scheme (eg., RGB images are represented as integers ranging from 0 to 255 for each channel) when they…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-18 Xiang Deng , Zhongfei , Zhang

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have become the state of the art method for image classification in the last ten years. Despite the fact that they achieve superhuman classification accuracy on many popular datasets, they often perform…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-14 Sebastian Stabinger , Peer David , Justus Piater , Antonio Rodríguez-Sánchez

To tackle interpretability in deep learning, we present a novel framework to jointly learn a predictive model and its associated interpretation model. The interpreter provides both local and global interpretability about the predictive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-24 Jayneel Parekh , Pavlo Mozharovskyi , Florence d'Alché-Buc

Deep learning based methods hold state-of-the-art results in image denoising, but remain difficult to interpret due to their construction from poorly understood building blocks such as batch-normalization, residual learning, and feature…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-03-09 Nikola Janjušević , Amirhossein Khalilian-Gourtani , Yao Wang

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have advanced applications in domains such as healthcare, autonomous systems, and scene understanding, yet the internal semantics of their hidden neurons remain poorly understood. Prior work introduced a Concept…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Moumita Sen Sarma , Samatha Ereshi Akkamahadevi , Pascal Hitzler