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Universal cross-lingual sentence embeddings map semantically similar cross-lingual sentences into a shared embedding space. Aligning cross-lingual sentence embeddings usually requires supervised cross-lingual parallel sentences. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-14 Yau-Shian Wang , Ashley Wu , Graham Neubig

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) leverages limited labeled and abundant unlabeled data but often faces challenges with data imbalance, especially in 3D contexts. This study investigates class-level confidence as an indicator of learning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-14 Zhimin Chen , Bing Li

The learn-to-compare paradigm of contrastive representation learning (CRL), which compares positive samples with negative ones for representation learning, has achieved great success in a wide range of domains, including natural language…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-06-02 Lanling Xu , Jianxun Lian , Wayne Xin Zhao , Ming Gong , Linjun Shou , Daxin Jiang , Xing Xie , Ji-Rong Wen

Contrastive learning is emerging as a powerful technique for extracting knowledge from unlabeled data. This technique requires a balanced mixture of two ingredients: positive (similar) and negative (dissimilar) samples. This is typically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-17 Rui Cao , Yihao Wang , Yuxin Liang , Ling Gao , Jie Zheng , Jie Ren , Zheng Wang

Labels are costly and sometimes unreliable. Noisy label learning, semi-supervised learning, and contrastive learning are three different strategies for designing learning processes requiring less annotation cost. Semi-supervised learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-24 Xin Zhang , Zixuan Liu , Kaiwen Xiao , Tian Shen , Junzhou Huang , Wei Yang , Dimitris Samaras , Xiao Han

Self-supervised learning (SSL) has drawn an increased attention in the field of speech processing. Recent studies have demonstrated that contrastive learning is able to learn discriminative speaker embeddings in a self-supervised manner.…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-23 Chunlei Zhang , Dong Yu

The fundamental goal of self-supervised learning (SSL) is to produce useful representations of data without access to any labels for classifying the data. Modern methods in SSL, which form representations based on known or constructed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-30 Bobak T. Kiani , Randall Balestriero , Yubei Chen , Seth Lloyd , Yann LeCun

Image-level weak-to-strong consistency serves as the predominant paradigm in semi-supervised learning~(SSL) due to its simplicity and impressive performance. Nonetheless, this approach confines all perturbations to the image level and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-26 Zhiyu Wu , Jinshi Cui

Self-supervised learning (SSL) conventionally relies on the instance consistency paradigm, assuming that different views of the same image can be treated as positive pairs. However, this assumption breaks down for non-iconic data, where…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Huaiyuan Qin , Muli Yang , Siyuan Hu , Peng Hu , Yu Zhang , Chen Gong , Hongyuan Zhu

Contrastive learning is a self-supervised representation learning framework, where two positive views generated through data augmentation are made similar by an attraction force in a data representation space, while a repulsive force makes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Han Bao

Self-supervised representation learning has made significant leaps fueled by progress in contrastive learning, which seeks to learn transformations that embed positive input pairs nearby, while pushing negative pairs far apart. While…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-01-04 Tri Huynh , Simon Kornblith , Matthew R. Walter , Michael Maire , Maryam Khademi

Self-Supervised Learning (SSL) frameworks became the standard for learning robust class representations by benefiting from large unlabeled datasets. For Speaker Verification (SV), most SSL systems rely on contrastive-based loss functions.…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-25 Theo Lepage , Reda Dehak

Self-Supervised Learning (SSL) is a paradigm that leverages unlabeled data for model training. Empirical studies show that SSL can achieve promising performance in distribution shift scenarios, where the downstream and training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-13 Xuyang Zhao , Tianqi Du , Yisen Wang , Jun Yao , Weiran Huang

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) is a promising approach for training deep classification models using labeled and unlabeled datasets. However, existing SSL methods rely on a large unlabeled dataset, which may not always be available in many…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-29 Shin'ya Yamaguchi

In seismic interpretation, pixel-level labels of various rock structures can be time-consuming and expensive to obtain. As a result, there oftentimes exists a non-trivial quantity of unlabeled data that is left unused simply because…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-17 Kiran Kokilepersaud , Mohit Prabhushankar , Ghassan AlRegib

We investigate whether self-supervised learning (SSL) can improve online reinforcement learning (RL) from pixels. We extend the contrastive reinforcement learning framework (e.g., CURL) that jointly optimizes SSL and RL losses and conduct…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-18 Xiang Li , Jinghuan Shang , Srijan Das , Michael S. Ryoo

Self-supervised learning algorithms (SSL) based on instance discrimination have shown promising results, performing competitively or even outperforming supervised learning counterparts in some downstream tasks. Such approaches employ data…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Mohammad Alkhalefi , Georgios Leontidis , Mingjun Zhong

The recent breakthrough achieved by contrastive learning accelerates the pace for deploying unsupervised training on real-world data applications. However, unlabeled data in reality is commonly imbalanced and shows a long-tail distribution,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Ziyu Jiang , Tianlong Chen , Bobak Mortazavi , Zhangyang Wang

Currently, learning better unsupervised sentence representations is the pursuit of many natural language processing communities. Lots of approaches based on pre-trained language models (PLMs) and contrastive learning have achieved promising…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-11 Nuo Chen , Linjun Shou , Ming Gong , Jian Pei , Bowen Cao , Jianhui Chang , Daxin Jiang , Jia Li

In Self-Supervised Learning (SSL), various pretext tasks are designed for learning feature representations through contrastive loss. However, previous studies have shown that this loss is less tolerant to semantically similar samples due to…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-07 Shanshan Wang , Soumya Tripathy , Annamaria Mesaros