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In recent years, Contrastive Learning (CL) has become a predominant representation learning paradigm for time series. Most existing methods manually build specific CL Strategies (CLS) by human heuristics for certain datasets and tasks.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-24 Baoyu Jing , Yansen Wang , Guoxin Sui , Jing Hong , Jingrui He , Yuqing Yang , Dongsheng Li , Kan Ren

Pre-trained language models (LMs) store knowledge in their parameters and can generate informative responses when used in conversational systems. However, LMs suffer from the problem of "hallucination:" they may generate plausible-looking…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-21 Weiwei Sun , Zhengliang Shi , Shen Gao , Pengjie Ren , Maarten de Rijke , Zhaochun Ren

Masked language modeling (MLM) plays a key role in pretraining large language models. But the MLM objective is often dominated by high-frequency words that are sub-optimal for learning factual knowledge. In this work, we propose an approach…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-05 Nafis Sadeq , Byungkyu Kang , Prarit Lamba , Julian McAuley

Currently, learning better unsupervised sentence representations is the pursuit of many natural language processing communities. Lots of approaches based on pre-trained language models (PLMs) and contrastive learning have achieved promising…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-11 Nuo Chen , Linjun Shou , Ming Gong , Jian Pei , Bowen Cao , Jianhui Chang , Daxin Jiang , Jia Li

Recent research demonstrates the effectiveness of using pretrained language models (PLM) to improve dense retrieval and multilingual dense retrieval. In this work, we present a simple but effective monolingual pretraining task called…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-06-08 Ning Wu , Yaobo Liang , Houxing Ren , Linjun Shou , Nan Duan , Ming Gong , Daxin Jiang

Masked language modeling (MLM) has been widely used for pre-training effective bidirectional representations, but incurs substantial training costs. In this paper, we propose a novel concept-based curriculum masking (CCM) method to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-16 Mingyu Lee , Jun-Hyung Park , Junho Kim , Kang-Min Kim , SangKeun Lee

Recent studies have demonstrated the overwhelming advantage of cross-lingual pre-trained models (PTMs), such as multilingual BERT and XLM, on cross-lingual NLP tasks. However, existing approaches essentially capture the co-occurrence among…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-23 Xiangpeng Wei , Rongxiang Weng , Yue Hu , Luxi Xing , Heng Yu , Weihua Luo

This paper presents a novel training method, Conditional Masked Language Modeling (CMLM), to effectively learn sentence representations on large scale unlabeled corpora. CMLM integrates sentence representation learning into MLM training by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-13 Ziyi Yang , Yinfei Yang , Daniel Cer , Jax Law , Eric Darve

Contrastive learning (CL) is a popular technique for self-supervised learning (SSL) of visual representations. It uses pairs of augmentations of unlabeled training examples to define a classification task for pretext learning of a deep…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-26 Chih-Hui Ho , Nuno Vasconcelos

Masked language models (MLMs) such as BERT and RoBERTa have revolutionized the field of Natural Language Understanding in the past few years. However, existing pre-trained MLMs often output an anisotropic distribution of token…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-29 Yixuan Su , Fangyu Liu , Zaiqiao Meng , Tian Lan , Lei Shu , Ehsan Shareghi , Nigel Collier

How to alleviate the hallucinations of Large Language Models (LLMs) has always been the fundamental goal pursued by the LLMs research community. Looking through numerous hallucination-related studies, a mainstream category of methods is to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Yinghui Li , Haojing Huang , Jiayi Kuang , Yangning Li , Shu-Yu Guo , Chao Qu , Xiaoyu Tan , Hai-Tao Zheng , Ying Shen , Philip S. Yu

Self-Supervised Learning (SSL) is a new paradigm for learning discriminative representations without labelled data and has reached comparable or even state-of-the-art results in comparison to supervised counterparts. Contrastive Learning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-05 Shohreh Deldari , Hao Xue , Aaqib Saeed , Daniel V. Smith , Flora D. Salim

The deployment of large language models (LLMs) faces considerable challenges concerning resource constraints and inference efficiency. Recent research has increasingly focused on smaller, task-specific models enhanced by distilling…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-20 Wei Wang , Zhaowei Li , Qi Xu , Yiqing Cai , Hang Song , Qi Qi , Ran Zhou , Zhida Huang , Tao Wang , Li Xiao

Multilingual Large Language Models (LLMs) offer powerful capabilities for cross-lingual fact-checking. However, these models often exhibit language bias, performing disproportionately better on high-resource languages such as English than…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Ivan Vykopal , Antonia Karamolegkou , Jaroslav Kopčan , Qiwei Peng , Tomáš Javůrek , Michal Gregor , Marián Šimko

While contrastive learning is proven to be an effective training strategy in computer vision, Natural Language Processing (NLP) is only recently adopting it as a self-supervised alternative to Masked Language Modeling (MLM) for improving…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-16 Hooman Sedghamiz , Shivam Raval , Enrico Santus , Tuka Alhanai , Mohammad Ghassemi

Large language models (LLMs), optimized through human feedback, have rapidly emerged as a leading paradigm for developing intelligent conversational assistants. However, despite their strong performance across many benchmarks, LLM-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Maximillian Chen , Ruoxi Sun , Tomas Pfister , Sercan Ö. Arık

Modern natural language processing (NLP) methods employ self-supervised pretraining objectives such as masked language modeling to boost the performance of various application tasks. These pretraining methods are frequently extended with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-26 Nils Rethmeier , Isabelle Augenstein

Contrastive learning (CL) has been successful as a powerful representation learning method. In this work we propose CLIM: Contrastive Learning with mutual Information Maximization, to explore the potential of CL on cross-domain sentiment…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-13 Tian Li , Xiang Chen , Shanghang Zhang , Zhen Dong , Kurt Keutzer

Contrastive learning has shown effectiveness in improving sequential recommendation models. However, existing methods still face challenges in generating high-quality contrastive pairs: they either rely on random perturbations that corrupt…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Ziqiang Cui , Yunpeng Weng , Xing Tang , Xiaokun Zhang , Shiwei Li , Peiyang Liu , Bowei He , Dugang Liu , Weihong Luo , Xiuqiang He , Chen Ma

Language identification (LID) recognizes the language of a spoken utterance automatically. According to recent studies, LID models trained with an automatic speech recognition (ASR) task perform better than those trained with a LID task…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-04-17 Jinseok Park , Hyung Yong Kim , Jihwan Park , Byeong-Yeol Kim , Shukjae Choi , Yunkyu Lim
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