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Deep recommender systems rely heavily on large embedding tables to handle high-cardinality categorical features such as user/item identifiers, and face significant memory constraints at scale. To tackle this challenge, hashing techniques…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Xinyi Wu , Donald Loveland , Runjin Chen , Yozen Liu , Xin Chen , Leonardo Neves , Ali Jadbabaie , Clark Mingxuan Ju , Neil Shah , Tong Zhao

Embedding of large but redundant data, such as images or text, in a hierarchy of lower-dimensional spaces is one of the key features of representation learning approaches, which nowadays provide state-of-the-art solutions to problems once…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-13 Gianluca Berardi , Luca De Luigi , Samuele Salti , Luigi Di Stefano

Embedding learning is an important technique in deep recommendation models to map categorical features to dense vectors. However, the embedding tables often demand an extremely large number of parameters, which become the storage and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-15 Daochen Zha , Louis Feng , Bhargav Bhushanam , Dhruv Choudhary , Jade Nie , Yuandong Tian , Jay Chae , Yinbin Ma , Arun Kejariwal , Xia Hu

Recommendation has been a long-standing problem in many areas ranging from e-commerce to social websites. Most current studies focus only on traditional approaches such as content-based or collaborative filtering while there are relatively…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-22 Muhammet cakir , sule gunduz oguducu , resul tugay

Embedding models, which learn latent representations of users and items based on user-item interaction patterns, are a key component of recommendation systems. In many applications, contextual constraints need to be applied to refine…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-07-04 Syrine Krichene , Mike Gartrell , Clement Calauzenes

Learning high-quality feature embeddings efficiently and effectively is critical for the performance of web-scale machine learning systems. A typical model ingests hundreds of features with vocabularies on the order of millions to billions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Benjamin Coleman , Wang-Cheng Kang , Matthew Fahrbach , Ruoxi Wang , Lichan Hong , Ed H. Chi , Derek Zhiyuan Cheng

We are interested in building collaborative filtering models for recommendation systems where users interact with slates instead of individual items. These slates can be hierarchical in nature. The central idea of our approach is to learn…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-10-15 Ehtsham Elahi , Ashok Chandrashekar

Modeling high-order feature interactions efficiently is a central challenge in click-through rate and conversion rate prediction. Modern industrial recommender systems are predominantly built upon deep learning recommendation models, where…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Heng Yu , Xiangjun Zhou , Jie Xia , Heng Zhao , Anxin Wu , Yu Zhao , Dongying Kong

With the explosive growth of Internet data, users are facing the problem of information overload, which makes it a challenge to efficiently obtain the required resources. Recommendation systems have emerged in this context. By filtering…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Wenyi Liu , Rui Wang , Yuanshuai Luo , Jianjun Wei , Zihao Zhao , Junming Huang

The objective of deep metric learning (DML) is to learn embeddings that can capture semantic similarity and dissimilarity information among data points. Existing pairwise or tripletwise loss functions used in DML are known to suffer from…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-22 Xinshao Wang , Yang Hua , Elyor Kodirov , Neil M. Robertson

Recommendation algorithms that incorporate techniques from deep learning are becoming increasingly popular. Due to the structure of the data coming from recommendation domains (i.e., one-hot-encoded vectors of item preferences), these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-06-14 Joan Serrà , Alexandros Karatzoglou

Effective recommendation is crucial for large-scale online platforms. Traditional recommendation systems primarily rely on ID tokens to uniquely identify items, which can effectively capture specific item relationships but suffer from…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Guanyu Lin , Zhigang Hua , Tao Feng , Shuang Yang , Bo Long , Jiaxuan You

Network embedding has proved extremely useful in a variety of network analysis tasks such as node classification, link prediction, and network visualization. Almost all the existing network embedding methods learn to map the node IDs to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-14 Tianshu Lyu , Fei Sun , Peng Jiang , Wenwu Ou , Yan Zhang

Recommender system models often represent various sparse features like users, items, and categorical features via embeddings. A standard approach is to map each unique feature value to an embedding vector. The size of the produced embedding…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-08-26 Wang-Cheng Kang , Derek Zhiyuan Cheng , Ting Chen , Xinyang Yi , Dong Lin , Lichan Hong , Ed H. Chi

Industry-scale recommender systems face a core challenge: representing entities with high cardinality, such as users or items, using dense embeddings that must be accessible during both training and inference. However, as embedding sizes…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Petr Kasalický , Martin Spišák , Vojtěch Vančura , Daniel Bohuněk , Rodrigo Alves , Pavel Kordík

Deep hashing retrieval has gained widespread use in big data retrieval due to its robust feature extraction and efficient hashing process. However, training advanced deep hashing models has become more expensive due to complex optimizations…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Tao Feng , Jie Zhang , Huashan Liu , Zhijie Wang , Shengyuan Pang

Increasing the size of embedding layers has shown to be effective in improving the performance of recommendation models, yet gradually causing their sizes to exceed terabytes in industrial recommender systems, and hence the increase of…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Beichuan Zhang , Chenggen Sun , Jianchao Tan , Xinjun Cai , Jun Zhao , Mengqi Miao , Kang Yin , Chengru Song , Na Mou , Yang Song

Recommender systems have advanced markedly over the past decade by transforming each user/item into a dense embedding vector with deep learning models. At industrial scale, embedding tables constituted by such vectors of all users/items…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Runhao Jiang , Renchi Yang , Donghao Wu

In recommendation systems, practitioners observed that increase in the number of embedding tables and their sizes often leads to significant improvement in model performances. Given this and the business importance of these models to major…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-26 Jie Amy Yang , Jianyu Huang , Jongsoo Park , Ping Tak Peter Tang , Andrew Tulloch

Recommender models are commonly used to suggest relevant items to a user for e-commerce and online advertisement-based applications. These models use massive embedding tables to store numerical representation of items' and users'…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Muhammad Adnan , Yassaman Ebrahimzadeh Maboud , Divya Mahajan , Prashant J. Nair