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Encoder-decoder based sequence-to-sequence models have demonstrated state-of-the-art results in end-to-end automatic speech recognition (ASR). Recently, the transformer architecture, which uses self-attention to model temporal context…

Sound · Computer Science 2020-07-02 Niko Moritz , Takaaki Hori , Jonathan Le Roux

Conformer-based end-to-end models have become ubiquitous these days and are commonly used in both streaming and non-streaming automatic speech recognition (ASR). Techniques like dual-mode and dynamic chunk training helped unify streaming…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-05 Goeric Huybrechts , Srikanth Ronanki , Xilai Li , Hadis Nosrati , Sravan Bodapati , Katrin Kirchhoff

In the present paper, an attempt is made to combine Mask-CTC and the triggered attention mechanism to construct a streaming end-to-end automatic speech recognition (ASR) system that provides high performance with low latency. The triggered…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-10-22 Huaibo Zhao , Yosuke Higuchi , Tetsuji Ogawa , Tetsunori Kobayashi

Diffusion-based generative models have greatly impacted the speech processing field in recent years, exhibiting high speech naturalness and spawning a new research direction. Their application in real-time communication is, however, still…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-22 Simon Welker , Bunlong Lay , Maris Hillemann , Tal Peer , Timo Gerkmann

This paper delves into the challenging task of Active Speaker Detection (ASD), where the system needs to determine in real-time whether a person is speaking or not in a series of video frames. While previous works have made significant…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-16 Arnav Kundu , Yanzi Jin , Mohammad Sekhavat , Max Horton , Danny Tormoen , Devang Naik

Recently, end-to-end speech recognition with a hybrid model consisting of the connectionist temporal classification(CTC) and the attention encoder-decoder achieved state-of-the-art results. In this paper, we propose a novel CTC decoder…

Sound · Computer Science 2018-11-02 Zhe Yuan , Zhuoran Lyu , Jiwei Li , Xi Zhou

Current ASR systems are mainly trained and evaluated at the utterance level. Long range cross utterance context can be incorporated. A key task is to derive a suitable compact representation of the most relevant history contexts. In…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-06-27 Mingyu Cui , Jiawen Kang , Jiajun Deng , Xi Yin , Yutao Xie , Xie Chen , Xunying Liu

Recent advances have demonstrated the potential of decoderonly large language models (LLMs) for automatic speech recognition (ASR). However, enabling streaming recognition within this framework remains a challenge. In this work, we propose…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-02 Genshun Wan , Wenhui Zhang , Jing-Xuan Zhang , Shifu Xiong , Jianqing Gao , Zhongfu Ye

While speech recognition Word Error Rate (WER) has reached human parity for English, continuous speech recognition scenarios such as voice typing and meeting transcriptions still suffer from segmentation and punctuation problems, resulting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-11 Piyush Behre , Sharman Tan , Padma Varadharajan , Shuangyu Chang

Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) has seen remarkable progress, with models like OpenAI Whisper and NVIDIA Canary achieving state-of-the-art (SOTA) performance in offline transcription. However, these models are not designed for streaming…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Tomer Krichli , Bhiksha Raj , Joseph Keshet

Streaming video understanding requires models to robustly encode, store, and retrieve information from a continuous video stream to support accurate video question answering (VQA). Existing state-of-the-art approaches rely on key-value…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Vatsal Agarwal , Saksham Suri , Matthew Gwilliam , Pulkit Kumar , Abhinav Shrivastava

End-to-end automatic speech recognition (ASR), unlike conventional ASR, does not have modules to learn the semantic representation from speech encoder. Moreover, the higher frame-rate of speech representation prevents the model to learn the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-03-19 Md Akmal Haidar , Chao Xing , Mehdi Rezagholizadeh

Analyzing long text data such as customer call transcripts is a cost-intensive and tedious task. Machine learning methods, namely Transformers, are leveraged to model agent-customer interactions. Unfortunately, Transformers adhere to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Annamalai Senthilnathan , Kristjan Arumae , Mohammed Khalilia , Zhengzheng Xing , Aaron R. Colak

There has been increasing interest in unifying streaming and non-streaming automatic speech recognition (ASR) models to reduce development, training, and deployment costs. We present a unified framework that trains a single end-to-end ASR…

Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) plays a crucial role in voice-based applications. For applications requiring real-time feedback like Voice Search, streaming capability becomes vital. While LSTM/RNN and CTC based ASR systems are commonly…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Abhinav Goyal , Nikesh Garera

This paper presents an end-to-end text-to-speech system with low latency on a CPU, suitable for real-time applications. The system is composed of an autoregressive attention-based sequence-to-sequence acoustic model and the LPCNet vocoder…

In this paper, we summarize the application of transformer and its streamable variant, Emformer based acoustic model for large scale speech recognition applications. We compare the transformer based acoustic models with their LSTM…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-02 Yongqiang Wang , Yangyang Shi , Frank Zhang , Chunyang Wu , Julian Chan , Ching-Feng Yeh , Alex Xiao

The increasing reliability of automatic speech recognition has proliferated its everyday use. However, for research purposes, it is often unclear which model one should choose for a task, particularly if there is a requirement for speed as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-24 Ryan Whetten , Mir Tahsin Imtiaz , Casey Kennington

Recently, a few novel streaming attention-based sequence-to-sequence (S2S) models have been proposed to perform online speech recognition with linear-time decoding complexity. However, in these models, the decisions to generate tokens are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-18 Hirofumi Inaguma , Yashesh Gaur , Liang Lu , Jinyu Li , Yifan Gong

Recently, the unified streaming and non-streaming two-pass (U2/U2++) end-to-end model for speech recognition has shown great performance in terms of streaming capability, accuracy and latency. In this paper, we present fast-U2++, an…