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One of the key challenges in applying reinforcement learning to real-life problems is that the amount of train-and-error required to learn a good policy increases drastically as the task becomes complex. One potential solution to this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-06-29 Kazeto Yamamoto , Takashi Onishi , Yoshimasa Tsuruoka

Recently, reinforcement learning has been used to address logic synthesis by formulating the operator sequence optimization problem as a Markov decision process. However, through extensive experiments, we find out that the learned policy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-28 Chao Wang , Chen Chen , Dong Li , Bin Wang

Probabilistic programming languages, which exist in abundance, are languages that allow users to calculate probability distributions defined by probabilistic programs, by using inference algorithms. However, the underlying inference…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Oliver Goldstein , Ohad Kammar

Most model-free reinforcement learning methods leverage state representations (embeddings) for generalization, but either ignore structure in the space of actions or assume the structure is provided a priori. We show how a policy can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-16 Yash Chandak , Georgios Theocharous , James Kostas , Scott Jordan , Philip S. Thomas

Machine learning algorithms learn to solve a task, but are unable to improve their ability to learn. Meta-learning methods learn about machine learning algorithms and improve them so that they learn more quickly. However, existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Calarina Muslimani , Alex Lewandowski , Dale Schuurmans , Matthew E. Taylor , Jun Luo

Effect handlers allow programmers to model and compose computational effects modularly. Effect systems statically guarantee that all effects are handled. Several recent practical effect systems are based on either row polymorphism or…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Wenhao Tang , Sam Lindley

Soundness and completeness with respect to equational theories for programming languages are fundamental properties in the study of categorical semantics. However, completeness results have not been established for programming languages…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Satoshi Kura

Reinforcement learning algorithms, just like any other Machine learning algorithm pose a serious threat from adversaries. The adversaries can manipulate the learning algorithm resulting in non-optimal policies. In this paper, we analyze the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-12 Aqeel Anwar , Arijit Raychowdhury

The ability of reinforcement learning algorithms to learn effective policies is determined by the rewards available during training. However, for practical problems, obtaining large quantities of reward labels is often infeasible due to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Shreyas Chaudhari , Renhao Zhang , Philip S. Thomas , Bruno Castro da Silva

Solving real-life sequential decision making problems under partial observability involves an exploration-exploitation problem. To be successful, an agent needs to efficiently gather valuable information about the state of the world for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-03 Haiyan Yin , Yingzhen Li , Sinno Jialin Pan , Cheng Zhang , Sebastian Tschiatschek

In-context learning enables large language models (LLMs) to perform a variety of tasks, including learning to make reward-maximizing choices in simple bandit tasks. Given their potential use as (autonomous) decision-making agents, it is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-21 William M. Hayes , Nicolas Yax , Stefano Palminteri

Reinforcement learning is well suited for optimizing policies of recommender systems. Current solutions mostly focus on model-free approaches, which require frequent interactions with the real environment, and thus are expensive in model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-22 Xueying Bai , Jian Guan , Hongning Wang

Reinforcement learning offers the promise of automating the acquisition of complex behavioral skills. However, compared to commonly used and well-understood supervised learning methods, reinforcement learning algorithms can be brittle,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-01 Aviral Kumar , Xue Bin Peng , Sergey Levine

The ability to exploit prior experience to solve novel problems rapidly is a hallmark of biological learning systems and of great practical importance for artificial ones. In the meta reinforcement learning literature much recent work has…

The problem of reinforcement learning is considered where the environment or the model undergoes a change. An algorithm is proposed that an agent can apply in such a problem to achieve the optimal long-time discounted reward. The algorithm…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-04-25 Wuxia Chen , Taposh Banerjee , Jemin George , Carl Busart

Describing systems in terms of choices and their resulting costs and rewards offers the promise of freeing algorithm designers and programmers from specifying how those choices should be made; in implementations, the choices can be realized…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Martin Abadi , Gordon Plotkin

Machine-learning methods are gradually being adopted in a wide variety of social, economic, and scientific contexts, yet they are notorious for struggling with exact mathematics. A typical example is computer algebra, which includes tasks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Lennart Dabelow , Masahito Ueda

It has previously been shown that by using reinforcement learning (RL), agents can derive simple approximate and exact-restricted numeral systems that are similar to human ones (Carlsson, 2021). However, it is a major challenge to show how…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Andrea Silvi , Jonathan Thomas , Emil Carlsson , Devdatt Dubhashi , Moa Johansson

A burgeoning area within reinforcement learning (RL) is the design of sequential decision-making agents centered around large language models (LLMs). While autonomous decision-making agents powered by modern LLMs could facilitate numerous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Dilip Arumugam , Thomas L. Griffiths

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a promising approach for solving robotic manipulation tasks. However, it is challenging to apply the RL algorithms directly in the real world. For one thing, RL is data-intensive and typically requires…