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Federated Learning (FL) has been a pivotal paradigm for collaborative training of machine learning models across distributed datasets. In heterogeneous settings, it has been observed that a single shared FL model can lead to low local…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Yifan Yang , Ali Payani , Parinaz Naghizadeh

Federated learning (FL) takes a first step towards privacy-preserving machine learning by training models while keeping client data local. Models trained using FL may still leak private client information through model updates during…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-18 Nasser Aldaghri , Hessam Mahdavifar , Ahmad Beirami

One of the key challenges of collaborative machine learning, without data sharing, is multimodal data heterogeneity in real-world settings. While Federated Learning (FL) enables model training across multiple clients, existing frameworks,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Alejandro Guerra-Manzanares , Omar El-Herraoui , Michail Maniatakos , Farah E. Shamout

Federated learning is an emerging distributed machine learning framework aiming at protecting data privacy. Data heterogeneity is one of the core challenges in federated learning, which could severely degrade the convergence rate and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-11-27 Feifei Wang , Huiyun Tang , Yang Li

Federated Learning (FL) enables a group of clients to collaboratively train a model without sharing individual data, but its performance drops when client data are heterogeneous. Clustered FL tackles this by grouping similar clients.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Anik Pramanik , Murat Kantarcioglu , Vincent Oria , Shantanu Sharma

Federated Learning (FL) is a distributed learning paradigm where clients collaboratively train a model while keeping their own data private. With an increasing scale of clients and models, FL encounters two key challenges, client drift due…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-20 Jianhui Sun , Xidong Wu , Heng Huang , Aidong Zhang

Federated Learning (FL) deals with learning a central model (i.e. the server) in privacy-constrained scenarios, where data are stored on multiple devices (i.e. the clients). The central model has no direct access to the data, but only to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-03 Debora Caldarola , Massimiliano Mancini , Fabio Galasso , Marco Ciccone , Emanuele Rodolà , Barbara Caputo

Federated learning (FL) enables collaboratively training deep learning models on decentralized data. However, there are three types of heterogeneities in FL setting bringing about distinctive challenges to the canonical federated learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-18 Tao Shen , Jie Zhang , Xinkang Jia , Fengda Zhang , Gang Huang , Pan Zhou , Kun Kuang , Fei Wu , Chao Wu

Recent years have witnessed a huge demand for artificial intelligence and machine learning applications in wireless edge networks to assist individuals with real-time services. Owing to the practical setting and privacy preservation of…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-06-08 Shuai Wang , Yanqing Xu , Yanyi Yuan , Tony Q. S. Quek

Federated learning (FL) has enabled training machine learning models exploiting the data of multiple agents without compromising privacy. However, FL is known to be vulnerable to data heterogeneity, partial device participation, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Marina Costantini , Giovanni Neglia , Thrasyvoulos Spyropoulos

Federated Learning (FL) is an emerging paradigm that enables multiple users to collaboratively train a robust model in a privacy-preserving manner without sharing their private data. Most existing approaches of FL only consider traditional…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-13 I-Jieh Liu , Ci-Siang Lin , Fu-En Yang , Yu-Chiang Frank Wang

Federated Learning (FL) has emerged as a transformative approach for enabling distributed machine learning while preserving user privacy, yet it faces challenges like communication inefficiencies and reliance on centralized infrastructures,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-07-29 Sai Puppala , Ismail Hossain , Md Jahangir Alam , Sajedul Talukder , Zahidur Talukder , Syed Bahauddin

Data heterogeneity is a significant challenge in modern federated learning (FL) as it creates variance in local model updates, causing the aggregated global model to shift away from the true global optimum. Partial client participation in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Mrinmay Sen , Subhrajit Nag

Because biometric data is sensitive, centralized training poses a privacy risk, even though biometric recognition is essential for contemporary applications. Federated learning (FL), which permits decentralized training, provides a…

Federated learning (FL) allows agents to jointly train a global model without sharing their local data. However, due to the heterogeneous nature of local data, it is challenging to optimize or even define fairness of the trained global…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-17 Wenda Chu , Chulin Xie , Boxin Wang , Linyi Li , Lang Yin , Arash Nourian , Han Zhao , Bo Li

As an emerging technology, federated learning (FL) involves training machine learning models over distributed edge devices, which attracts sustained attention and has been extensively studied. However, the heterogeneity of client data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-29 Hao Zhang , Tingting Wu , Siyao Cheng , Jie Liu

Machine learning in medical research, by nature, needs careful attention on obeying the regulations of data privacy, making it difficult to train a machine learning model over gathered data from different medical centers. Failure of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Jun Luo , Shandong Wu

With the wealth of information produced by social networks, smartphones, medical or financial applications, speculations have been raised about the sensitivity of such data in terms of users' personal privacy and data security. To address…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-21 Vito Walter Anelli , Yashar Deldjoo , Tommaso Di Noia , Antonio Ferrara

As a promising distributed machine learning paradigm, Federated Learning (FL) enables all the involved devices to train a global model collaboratively without exposing their local data privacy. However, for non-IID scenarios, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-28 Ming Hu , Tian Liu , Zhiwei Ling , Zhihao Yue , Mingsong Chen

Federated Learning (FL) is a powerful framework for privacy-preserving distributed learning. It enables multiple clients to collaboratively train a global model without sharing raw data. However, handling noisy labels in FL remains a major…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Seunghun Yu , Jin-Hyun Ahn , Joonhyuk Kang