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Stellar surface inhomogeneities such as spots and faculae introduce Doppler variations that challenge exoplanet detection via the radial velocity method. While their impact on disc-integrated spectra is well established, detailed studies of…

If magnetic activity in outer stellar atmospheres is due to an interplay between rotation and subsurface convection, as is generally presumed, then one would not expect to observe indicators of activity in stars with T_eff > 8300 K. Any…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 J. E. Neff , T. Simon

Precise radial velocity (RV) measurements are a crucial tool for exoplanet discovery and characterization. Today, the majority of these measurements are derived from Echelle spectra in the optical wavelength region using cross-correlation…

Stellar activity interferes with precise radial velocity measurements and limits our ability to detect and characterize planets, particularly Earth-like planets. We introduce \aestra (Auto-Encoding STellar Radial-velocity and Activity), a…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-12-01 Yan Liang , Joshua N. Winn , Peter Melchior

One of the primary sources of stellar spectral variability is magnetic activity. While our current understanding of chromospheric activity is largely derived from specific lines sensitive to chromospheric heating, such as the Ca II HK…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-01-22 Mariela C. Vieytes , Lily L. Zhao , Megan Bedell

Stellar activity remains one of the main limitations in the detection of Earth-like planets using radial velocity (RV) measurements. The Sun, as the only star for which surface features can be spatially resolved, offers a unique testbed for…

The current and upcoming high precision photometric surveys such as TESS, CHEOPS, and PLATO will provide the community with thousands of new exoplanet candidates. As a consequence, the presence of such a correlation is crucial in selecting…

We present evidence for a correlation between the observed properties of hot Jupiter emission spectra and the activity levels of the host stars measured using Ca II H & K emission lines. We find that planets with dayside emission spectra…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-18 Heather A. Knutson , Andrew W. Howard , Howard Isaacson

Stellar micro-variability poses a serious threat to the capacities of space-based planet-finding missions such as Kepler or Eddington. The solar lightcurves obtained by the VIRGO PMO6 and SPM instruments on board SoHO from 1996 to 2001 have…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 S. Aigrain , G. Gilmore , F. Favata , S. Carpano

We present a new, simple method to predict activity-induced radial velocity variations using high-precision time-series photometry. It is based on insights from a simple spot model, has only two free parameters (one of which can be…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-30 S. Aigrain , F. Pont , S. Zucker

(abridged) A method for simulating light curves containing stellar micro-variability for a range of spectral types and ages, based on parameter-by-parameter scaling of a multi-component fit to the solar irradiance power spectrum (from…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 S. Aigrain , F. Favata , G. Gilmore

The emission line spectra of WR stars are often formed completely in the optically thick stellar wind. Hence, any assumption on the wind velocity law in a spectral analysis has a profound impact on the determination of the stellar…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2022-09-14 Roel R. Lefever , Tomer Shenar , Andreas A. C. Sander , Luka Poniatowski , Karan Dsilva , Helge Todt

Precise Doppler radial-velocity (RV) instruments will continue to play an essential role in advancing our holistic understanding of exoplanetary systems. The combination of orbital parameters from transit surveys and follow-up RV…

In this PhD dissertation, I discuss issues of the Radial Velocities (RV) and transit methods. These techniques allow us to derive the mass and radius of an exoplanet, necessary to model its bulk structure and to have insight on its…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-04-15 Giovanni Bruno

The relationship between observed variability time and emission region geometry is explored for the case of emission by relativistic jets. The approximate formula for the jet-frame size of the emission region, $R'=Dc\Delta t_{\rm obs}$ is…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 R. J. Protheroe

One of the best ways to improve our understanding of the stellar activity-induced signal in radial velocity (RV) measurements is through simultaneous high-precision photometric and RV observations. This is of prime importance to mitigate…

Magnetic activity is currently the primary limiting factor in radial velocity (RV) exoplanet searches. Even inactive stars, such as the Sun, exhibit RV jitter of the order of a few ms$^{-1}$ due to active regions on their surfaces. Time…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2024-01-25 V. Perdelwitz , T. Trifonov , J. T. Teklu , K. R. Sreenivas , L. Tal-Or

Spectral features absorbed against some radio quasars exhibit ~50mJy variations, with the lines varying both relative to the continuum and, when several lines are present, even relative to one another. We point out that such variability can…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Jean-Pierre Macquart

The precise radial velocity technique is a cornerstone of exoplanetary astronomy. Astronomers measure Doppler shifts in the star's spectral features, which track the line-of/sight gravitational accelerations of a star caused by the planets…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-02-06 Jason T. Wright

The nocturnal mesopause region of the Earth's atmosphere radiates chemiluminescent emission from various roto-vibrational bands of hydroxyl (OH), which is therefore a good tracer of the chemistry and dynamics at the emission altitudes.…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2023-05-04 Stefan Noll , Carsten Schmidt , Wolfgang Kausch , Michael Bittner , Stefan Kimeswenger