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Dynamic treatment regimes (DTRs) have received an increasing interest in recent years. DTRs are sequences of treatment decision rules tailored to patient-level information. The main goal of the DTR study is to identify an optimal DTR, a…
Multi-arm designs provide an effective means of evaluating several treatments within the same clinical trial. Given the large number of treatments now available for testing in many disease areas, it has been argued that their utilisation…
Investigating the causal relationship between exposure and the time-to-event outcome is an important topic in biomedical research. Previous literature has discussed the potential issues of using the hazard ratio as a marginal causal effect…
A platform trial is an innovative clinical trial design that uses a master protocol to evaluate multiple treatments, where patients are often assigned to different subsets of treatment arms based on individual characteristics, enrollment…
The use of Bayesian adaptive designs for randomised controlled trials has been hindered by the lack of software readily available to statisticians. We have developed a new software package (Bayesian Adaptive Trials Simulator Software -…
Understanding causality should be a core requirement of any attempt to build real impact through AI. Due to the inherent unobservability of counterfactuals, large randomised trials (RCTs) are the standard for causal inference. But large…
The field of precision medicine aims to tailor treatment based on patient-specific factors in a reproducible way. To this end, estimating an optimal individualized treatment regime (ITR) that recommends treatment decisions based on patient…
In group sequential designs, where several data looks are conducted for early stopping, we generally assume the vector of test statistics from the sequential analyses follows (at least approximately or asymptotially) a multivariate normal…
Longitudinal studies are often subject to missing data. The ICH E9(R1) addendum addresses the importance of defining a treatment effect estimand with the consideration of intercurrent events. Jump-to-reference (J2R) is one classically…
Automated segmentation of large volumes of medical images is often plagued by the limited availability of fully annotated data and the diversity of organ surface properties resulting from the use of different acquisition protocols for…
The paper describes the interaction design of a hand-held interface supporting the self-management of Type 1 diabetes. It addresses well-established clinical and human-computer interaction requirements. The design exploits three…
Item response theory (IRT) has become one of the most popular statistical models for psychometrics, a field of study concerned with the theory and techniques of psychological measurement. The IRT models are latent factor models tailored to…
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technology is popularly used in many fields for studying how the brain reacts to mental stimuli. The identification of optimal fMRI experimental designs is crucial for rendering precise…
Multi-arm trials are gaining interest in practice given the statistical and logistical advantages they can offer. The standard approach uses a fixed allocation ratio, but there is a call for making it adaptive and skewing the allocation of…
A treatment regime formalizes personalized medicine as a function from individual patient characteristics to a recommended treatment. A high-quality treatment regime can improve patient outcomes while reducing cost, resource consumption,…
Micro-randomized trials (MRTs) have become increasingly popular for developing and evaluating mobile health interventions that promote healthy behaviors and manage chronic conditions. The recently proposed causal excursion effects have…
A sequential multiple assignment randomized trial (SMART) facilitates comparison of multiple adaptive treatment strategies (ATSs) simultaneously. Previous studies have established a framework to test the homogeneity of multiple ATSs by a…
MRI-guided radiation therapy (MRgRT) offers a precise and adaptive approach to treatment planning. Deep learning applications which augment the capabilities of MRgRT are systematically reviewed. MRI-guided radiation therapy offers a…
Participant recruitment based on unstructured medical texts such as clinical notes and radiology reports has been a challenging yet important task for the cohort establishment in clinical research. Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs)…
Just-in-Time Adaptive Interventions (JITAIs) are a class of personalized health interventions developed within the behavioral science community. JITAIs aim to provide the right type and amount of support by iteratively selecting a sequence…