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Related papers: Achieving the Highest Possible Elo Rating

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This paper introduces a score-driven rating system, a generalization of the classical Elo rating system that employs the score, i.e. the gradient of the log-likelihood, as the updating mechanism for player and team ratings. The proposed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Vladimír Holý , Michal Černý

The Elo algorithm, renowned for its simplicity, is widely used for rating in sports tournaments and other applications. However, despite its widespread use, a detailed understanding of the convergence characteristics of the Elo algorithm is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Daniel Gomes de Pinho Zanco , Leszek Szczecinski , Eduardo Vinicius Kuhn , Rui Seara

In this work we develop a new algorithm for rating of teams (or players) in one-on-one games by exploiting the observed difference of the game-points (such as goals), also known as a margin of victory (MOV). Our objective is to obtain the…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-02-09 Leszek Szczecinski

This paper presents an Elo-based rating system for programming contests, specifically Topcoder's Single Round Matches (SRMs). We introduce a logarithmic rank-based performance metric that allows single-round, multi-player contest results to…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Fred Batty

Many environments assign several Elo ratings to the same agent: a chess player has classical, rapid, and blitz ratings; an online platform may rate by time control, mode, or format; an evaluator may rate performance across tasks or roles.…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2026-05-12 Mehmet Mars Seven

Scalable oversight, the process by which weaker AI systems supervise stronger ones, has been proposed as a key strategy to control future superintelligent systems. However, it is still unclear how scalable oversight itself scales. To…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Joshua Engels , David D. Baek , Subhash Kantamneni , Max Tegmark

In this paper we examine problems motivated by on-line financial problems and stochastic games. In particular, we consider a sequence of entirely arbitrary distinct values arriving in random order, and must devise strategies for selecting…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Ming-Yang Kao , Stephen R. Tate

It was recently observed that Elo ratings fail at preserving transitive relations among strategies and therefore cannot correctly extract the transitive component of a game. We provide a characterization of transitive games as a weak…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-03-07 Nelson Vadori , Rahul Savani

We suggest an improvement of the Elo rating system. Whereas Elo's theoretical background remains unaffected, we significantly change the way in which rating values are adjusted. It turns out that the modified system behaves much more…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2018-01-17 Fabian Langholf

New large language models (LLMs) are being released every day. Some perform significantly better or worse than expected given their parameter count. Therefore, there is a need for a method to independently evaluate models. The current best…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Ashwin Ramaswamy , Nestor Demeure , Ermal Rrapaj

This work reconciles two perspectives on the Elo ranking that coexist in the literature: the practitioner's view as a heuristic feedback rule, and the statistician's view as online maximum likelihood estimation via stochastic gradient…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-07 Leszek Szczecinski

As Large Language Models (LLMs) achieve breakthroughs in complex reasoning, Codeforces-based Elo ratings have emerged as a prominent metric for evaluating competitive programming capabilities. However, these ratings are often reported…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Shenyu Zheng , Ximing Dong , Xiaoshuang Liu , Gustavo Oliva , Chong Chun Yong , Dayi Lin , Boyuan Chen , Shaowei Wang , Ahmed E. Hassan

In competitive games, strength ratings like Elo are widely used to quantify player skill and support matchmaking by accounting for skill disparities better than simple win rate statistics. However, scalar ratings cannot handle complex…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Chiu-Chou Lin , I-Chen Wu

This paper studies how the Elo rating system behaves when the underlying modelling assumptions are not met.

Probability · Mathematics 2024-12-20 Adam H. Hamilton , Matthew Roughan , Anna Kalenkova

Competitor rating systems for head-to-head games are typically used to measure playing strength from game outcomes. Ratings computed from these systems are often used to select top competitors for elite events, for pairing players of…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-07-14 Mark E. Glickman

In this work, we deal with the problem of rating in sports, where the skills of the players/teams are inferred from the observed outcomes of the games. Our focus is on the online rating algorithms which estimate the skills after each new…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-04-30 Leszek Szczecinski , Raphaëlle Tihon

Accurate estimation of question difficulty and prediction of student performance play key roles in optimizing educational instruction and enhancing learning outcomes within digital learning platforms. The Elo rating system is widely…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-03-14 Erva Nihan Kandemir , Jill-Jenn Vie , Adam Sanchez-Ayte , Olivier Palombi , Franck Ramus

Rating strategies in a game is an important area of research in game theory and artificial intelligence, and can be applied to any real-world competitive or cooperative setting. Traditionally, only transitive dependencies between strategies…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-10-06 Luke Marris , Marc Lanctot , Ian Gemp , Shayegan Omidshafiei , Stephen McAleer , Jerome Connor , Karl Tuyls , Thore Graepel

A valuation for a player in a game in extensive form is an assignment of numeric values to the players moves. The valuation reflects the desirability moves. We assume a myopic player, who chooses a move with the highest valuation.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Philippe Jehiel , Dov Samet

Evaluation has traditionally focused on ranking candidates for a specific skill. Modern generalist models, such as Large Language Models (LLMs), decidedly outpace this paradigm. Open-ended evaluation systems, where candidate models are…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Siqi Liu , Ian Gemp , Luke Marris , Georgios Piliouras , Nicolas Heess , Marc Lanctot